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Characterization of micelles and liposomes using the Eclipse 3+ AF4 separation system coupled to a DAWN HELEOS II MALS detector
Micelles and liposomes can serve as vehicles used to solubilize and carry bioactive compounds to their site of action, thus increasing their bioavailability. First experience has been made using vitamins and enzymes as functional food additives. Moreover, micelles could be useful to deliver drugs to a defined site of action, thus reducing frequently occurring side effects of systemic drug administration. Micelles are true nano-materials with a size range of 10 to 30 nm in diameter. Ideally, they should have a narrow size distribution. Furthermore, they have to be stable and should release their active compound only in the target region. Characterization of the micelle suspensions is vital to guarantee these properties and has to cover several aspects. One important point is size distribution, which has to be determined with high resolution...
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Absolute Molar Mass Characterisation
Multi-angle light scattering coupled to SEC or other fractionation methods can provide an absolute means for measuring the molar mass, size and distribution of proteins, polymers and particles of all sorts. Wyatt Technology's MALS also enables the elucidation of additional data such as branching, conformation, and eluent behaviour. The same instrumentation also allows observation of molecular interactions in a real-time environment. As MALS is an absolute mass and size measuring technique it is insensitive to the separation mechanism and as such is ideal for both highly variable research applications as well as routine quality assurance of previously characterised samples...
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Automated Dynamic Light Scattering
DLS analysis is a widely applied, non-invasive method for measuring the effective size of molecules in solution. This technique yields valuable information for the characterization of molecules and particles. It facilitates formerly laborious and time consuming measurements, e.g. screening for aggregates or determining optimal crystallization conditions for proteins. The Wyatt Plate Reader is the instrument of choice for any application where molecular size, stability and aggregation are of interest. It reads industry standard microplates with up to 1536 samples automatically and temperature-controlled, if desired. The applications of the technique are wide ranging and include many of the fastest growing areas of research - proteins, biomaterials, liposomes and micelles as well as the established uses for particle sizing and aggregation detection. Conscious of the numerous characterization challenges in the area of drug delivery systems and therapeutic antibodies...
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Improvement of power generation efficiency of solar cells and evaluation by fluorescence spectroscopy
The light in the high-radiance wavelength region of the solar spectrum is not utilized effectively by silicon crystal-based solar cell modules. "Fluorescent materials" convert the ultraviolet component in the sunlight into light in the longer wavelength region where this solar cell modules can generate power. This article describes an example, how the efficiency of a fluorescent material can be evaluated, using a fluorescence spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere, and a special program, which allows the determination of quantum yields of powders in a very comfortable way....
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Gröger & Obst Analyzers for Simultaneous Measurement of TOC and VOC
Options for the Modification of TOC Standard Equipment
To determine the degree of organic pollution of waste water, labs prefer the kind of analytical test methods that yield useful results without being costly or demand the use of large-scale equipment. To achieve this end, labs employ methods that are sensitive to the oxidizing capability of all organic matter and record the so-called sum parameters (e.g. TC, TOC, DOC, TIC and VOC). These parameters are instrumental in water analysis and likewise in the determination of solutes and the physicochemical variables....
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