Aenigmatite

Aenigmatite, also known as Cossyrite after Cossyra, the ancient name of Pantelleria, is a sodium, iron, titanium inosilicate mineral. The chemical formula is Na₂Fe²⁺₅TiSi₆O₂₀ and its structure consists of single tetrahedral chains with a repeat unit of four and complex side branches. It forms brown to black triclinic lamellar crystals. It has Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6 and specific gravity of 3.74 to 3.85. Aenigmatite forms a solid-solution series with wilkinsonite, Na₂Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂Si₆O₂₀.

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Aenigmatite is primarily found in peralkaline volcanic rocks, pegmatites, and granites as well as silica-poor intrusive rocks. It was first described by Breithaupt in 1865 for an occurrence in the Ilimaussaq intrusive complex of west Greenland. Its name comes from αίνιγμα, the Greek word for "riddle".

It was also reported from the Kaidun meteorite, possibly a Mars meteorite, which landed on March 1980 in South Yemen. Other notable studied occurrences include:

• Narssarssuk and elsewhere in Greenland.
• The Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs on Kola Peninsula, Russia.
• The volcanic island of Pantelleria, Italy.
• In the USA, from Granite Mountain, near Little Rock, Pulaski Co., Arkansas, and Santa Rosa, Sonoma Co., California.
• In Australia, from Warrumbungle volcano, Nandewar volcano, and the Mt. Warning complex, New South Wales; and the Peak Range Province, Queensland.
• In Canada, from Mount Edziza, the Ilgachuz and Rainbow Range shield complexes.
• From Logan Point quarry, Dunedin volcano, New Zealand.