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Capillary length

In fluid mechanics, capillary length is a characteristic length scale for fluid subject to a body force from gravity and a surface force due to surface tension.

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The capillary length is defined as^[1]:

$\lambda_{c} = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma}{\rho g}}$ ,

where $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity and $ρ$ is the density of the fluid, and $γ$ is the surface tension of the fluid-fluid interface.

For clean water at standard temperature and pressure, the capillary length is ~2mm.

A capillary surface that has a characteristic length smaller than the capillary length can be considered a low Bond number surface. A sessile drop whose largest dimension is smaller than the capillary length, for example, will take the shape of spherical cap, which is the solution to the Young-Laplace equation with gravity completely absent.