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Calcium oxide



Calcium oxide
IUPAC name Calcium Oxide
Properties
Molecular formula CaO
Molar mass 56.1 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Density 3350 kg/m³, solid
Melting point

2572 °C (2845 K)

Boiling point

2850 °C (3123 K)

Solubility in water reacts
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Infobox disclaimer and references

Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as burnt lime, lime or quicklime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic and alkaline crystalline solid. As a commercial product, lime often also contains magnesium oxide, silicon oxide and smaller amounts of aluminium oxide and iron oxide.

Calcium oxide is usually made by the thermal decomposition of materials such as limestone, that contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3; mineral name: calcite) in a lime kiln. This is accomplished by heating the material to above 825°C,[1] a process called calcination or lime-burning, to liberate a molecule of carbon dioxide(CO2); leaving CaO. This process is reversible, since once the quicklime product has cooled, it immediately begins to absorb carbon dioxide from the air, until, after enough time, it is completely converted back to calcium carbonate. Calcination of limestone is one of the first chemical reactions discovered by man and was known in prehistory.

Up until the 20th century, quicklime was used as a disinfectant, usually in a 10% solution called milk of lime. However, it had the disadvantage of decomposing rapidly on exposure to air and moisture, and the burnt lime had to be fresh and unslaked.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Merck Index of chemicals and Drugs , 9th ed. monograph 1650
  2. ^ A Complete Handbook for the Sanitary Troops of the U.S. Army and Navy (1917)
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Calcium_oxide". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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