My watch list

List of R-phrases

R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. The list was consolidated and republished in Directive 2001/59/EC, where translations into other EU languages may be found.

These risk phrases are used internationally not just in Europe and there is an ongoing effort towards complete international harmonization. (Note: missing R-number combinations indicate phrases that were deleted or replaced by another phrase.)

R1: Explosive when dry
R2: Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition
R3: Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition
R4: Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds
R5: Heating may cause an explosion
R6: Explosive with or without contact with air
R7: May cause fire
R8: Contact with combustible material may cause fire
R9: Explosive when mixed with combustible material
R10: Flammable
R11: Highly flammable
R12: Extremely flammable
R14: Reacts violently with water
R15: Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases
R16: Explosive when mixed with oxidising substances
R17: Spontaneously flammable in air
R18: In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture
R19: May form explosive peroxides
R20: Harmful by inhalation
R21: Harmful in contact with skin
R22: Harmful if swallowed
R23: Toxic by inhalation
R24: Toxic in contact with skin
R25: Toxic if swallowed
R26: Very toxic by inhalation
R27: Very toxic in contact with skin
R28: Very toxic if swallowed
R29: Contact with water liberates toxic gas.
R30: Can become highly flammable in use
R31: Contact with acids liberates toxic gas
R32: Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas
R33: Danger of cumulative effects
R34: Causes burns
R35: Causes severe burns
R36: Irritating to eyes
R37: Irritating to respiratory system
R38: Irritating to skin
R39: Danger of very serious irreversible effects
R40: Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect
R41: Risk of serious damage to eyes
R42: May cause sensitisation by inhalation
R43: May cause sensitisation by skin contact
R44: Risk of explosion if heated under confinement
R45: May cause cancer
R46: May cause heritable genetic damage
R48: Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure
R49: May cause cancer by inhalation
R50: Very toxic to aquatic organisms
R51: Toxic to aquatic organisms
R52: Harmful to aquatic organisms
R53: May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
R54: Toxic to flora
R55: Toxic to fauna
R56: Toxic to soil organisms
R57: Toxic to bees
R58: May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment
R59: Dangerous for the ozone layer
R60: May impair fertility
R61: May cause harm to the unborn child
R62: Possible risk of impaired fertility
R63: Possible risk of harm to the unborn child
R64: May cause harm to breast-fed babies
R65: Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed
R66: Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking
R67: Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness
R68: Possible risk of irreversible effects

Combinations

R14/15: Reacts violently with water, liberating extremely flammable gases
R15/29: Contact with water liberates toxic, extremely flammable gases
R20/21: Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin
R20/22: Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed
R20/21/22: Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R21/22: Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed
R23/24: Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin
R23/25: Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed
R23/24/25: Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R24/25: Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed
R26/27: Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin
R26/28: Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed
R26/27/28: Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R27/28: Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed
R36/37: Irritating to eyes and respiratory system
R36/38: Irritating to eyes and skin
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
R37/38: Irritating to respiratory system and skin
R39/23: Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation
R39/24: Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin
R39/25: Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed
R39/23/24: Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin
R39/23/25: Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed
R39/24/25: Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed
R39/23/24/25: Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R39/26: Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation
R39/27: Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin
R39/28: Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed
R39/26/27: Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin
R39/26/28: Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed
R39/27/28: Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed
R39/26/27/28: Very Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R42/43: May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact
R48/20: Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation
R48/21: Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin
R48/22: Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed
R48/20/21: Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin
R48/20/22: Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed
R48/21/22: Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed
R48/20/21/22: Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R48/23: Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation
R48/24: Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin
R48/25: Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed
R48/23/24: Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin
R48/23/25: Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed
R48/24/25: Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed
R48/23/24/25: Toxic: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
R50/53: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
R51/53: Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
R52/53: Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
R68/20: Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation
R68/21: Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin
R68/22: Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects if swallowed
R68/20/21: Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin
R68/20/22: Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed
R68/21/22: Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed
R68/20/21/22: Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed

R-Phrases no longer in use

R13: Extremely flammable liquefied gas.
R47: May cause birth defects.

List of R-phrases

Combinations

R-Phrases no longer in use

See also