| Name
| Symbol
| Density (g/cm³)
| Atomic number
| Description/Mohs' hardness
| Color
| Notes
|
| Hydrogen
| H
| 00.0000 0.00008988
| 1
| gas
|
| diatomic
|
| Helium
| He
| 00.0001 0.0001785
| 2
| noble gas
|
| lowest boiling and melting points of any element
|
| Neon
| Ne
| 00.0008 0.0008999
| 10
| noble gas
|
|
|
| Nitrogen
| N
| 00.0012 0.0012506
| 7
| gas
|
| diatomic
|
| Oxygen
| O
| 00.0014 0.001429
| 8
| gas
|
| diatomic
|
| Fluorine
| F
| 00.0016 0.001696
| 9
| halogen gas
| yellow-green or yellowish brown
|
|
| Argon
| Ar
| 00.0017 0.0017837
| 18
| noble gas
|
|
|
| Chlorine
| Cl
| 00.0032 0.003214
| 17
| halogen gas
| yellowish green or greenish yellow
|
|
| Krypton
| Kr
| 00.0037 0.003733
| 36
| noble gas
|
| forms compounds with fluorine and clathrates with water
|
| Xenon
| Xe
| 00.0058 0.005887
| 54
| noble gas
|
|
|
| Radon
| Rn
| 00.0097 0.00973
| 86
| noble gas
|
| radioactive, comes from radium
|
| Lithium
| Li
| 00.5430 0.534
| 3
| 0.6
|
silvery white/gray
| used in batteries
|
| Potassium
| K
| 00.8620 0.862
| 19
| 0.4
|
silvery white
| forms many compounds
|
| Sodium
| Na
| 00.9710 0.971
| 11
| 0.5
|
waxy, silvery white
| burns with a yellow flame, reacts violently with water, and oxidizes in air necessitating storage in an inert environment
|
| Rubidium
| Rb
| 01.5320 1.532
| 37
| 0.3
|
silvery-white
| low melting point, reacts violently with water like sodium
|
| Calcium
| Ca
| 01.5400 1.54
| 20
| 1.75
|
gray
|
|
| Magnesium
| Mg
| 01.7380 1.738
| 12
| 2.5
|
silvery metallic
| is very brittle, flammable
|
| Phosphorus
| P
| 01.8200 1.82
| 15
| nonmetal
|
waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless
| Due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free element in nature.
|
| Beryllium
| Be
| 01.8500 1.85
| 4
| 5.5
|
gray metallic
| brittle
|
| Francium
| Fr
| 01.8700 1.87
| 87
| radioactive alkali metal
|
| alkali metal isotope found in uranium and thorium ores
|
| Cesium
| Cs
| 01.8730 1.873
| 55
| 0.2
|
silvery gold
| liquid at or near room temperature, very reactive
|
| Sulfur
| S
| 02.0670 2.067
| 16
| 2.0
|
lemon yellow
|
|
| Carbon
| C
| 02.2670 2.267
| 6
| 10.0 (diamond)
| colorless
|
|
| Carbon
| C
| 03.5130 3.513
| 6
| 1-2 (graphite)
|
black
|
|
| Silicon
| Si
| 02.3296 2.3296
| 14
| 6.5 metalloid
|
dark gray, bluish tinge
|
|
| Boron
| B
| 02.3400 2.34
| 5
| 9.3
|
black/brown/ amorphous boron is a brown powder, metallic boron is black
| The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a poor conductor at room temperature.
|
| Strontium
| Sr
| 02.6400 2.64
| 38
| 1.5
|
a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element
| The metal turns yellow when exposed to air. somewhat malleable. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red.
|
| Aluminium
| Al
| 02.6980 2.698
| 13
| 2.75
|
silvery
| non-magnetic, very reflective
|
| Scandium
| Sc
| 02.9890 2.989
| 21
| transition metal
|
soft, silvery, develops a slightly yellowish or pinkish cast when exposed to air
| not attacked by a 1:1 mixture of nitric acid(HNO3) and 48% HF
|
| Bromine
| Br
| 03.1220 3.122
| 35
| halogen
|
gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster
| a red volatile liquid at standard room temperature. This element is corrosive to human tissue
|
| Barium
| Ba
| 03.5940 3.594
| 56
| 1.25
|
metallic
| Naturally occurring barium is a mix of seven stable isotopes. There are twenty-two isotopes known, but most of these are highly radioactive and have half-lives in the several millisecond to several minute range. The only notable exceptions are 133Ba which has a half-life of 10.51 years, and 137mBa (2.6 minutes).
|
| Yttrium
| Y
| 04.4690 4.469
| 39
| transition metal
|
silvery metallic
| two of its compounds are used to make the red color phosphors in cathode ray tube displays
|
| Titanium
| Ti
| 04.5400 4.540
| 22
| 6.0
|
silvery metallic
| corrosion-resistant (including resistance to sea water and chlorine, high tensile strength
|
| Selenium
| Se
| 04.8090 4.809
| 34
| 2.0
|
gray, metallic luster
| Selenium has at least 29 isotopes, of which 5 are stable, and 6 are nuclear isomers.
|
| Iodine
| I
| 04.9300 4.93
| 53
| halogen solid that sublimes at standard temperatures into a purple-pink gas that has an irritating odor
|
violet-dark gray, lustrous
| least reactive of the halogens
|
| Europium
| Eu
| 05.2430 5.243
| 63
| lanthanide
|
|
|
| Germanium
| Ge
| 05.3230 5.323
| 32
| 6.0
|
|
|
| Radium
| Ra
| 05.5000 5.50
| 88
|
| almost pure white, readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning black
| Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Radium also produces neutrons when mixed with beryllium.
|
| Arsenic
| As
| 05.7760 5.776
| 33
| 3.5
|
metallic gray, allotropic forms; yellow, black and grey
| poisonous
|
| Gallium
| Ga
| 05.9070 5.907
| 31
| 1.5
|
| melts at 29.7 degrees Celsius (just above room temperature)
|
| Vanadium
| V
| 06.1100 6.11
| 23
| 7.0
|
|
|
| Lanthanum
| La
| 06.1450 6.145
| 57
| 2.5
|
|
|
| Tellurium
| Te
| 06.2320 6.232
| 52
| 2.25
|
silvery lustrous gray
|
|
| Zirconium
| Zr
| 06.5060 6.506
| 40
| 5.0
|
|
|
| Antimony
| Sb
| 06.6850 6.685
| 51
| 3.0
|
silvery lustrous grey
| toxic
|
| Cerium
| Ce
| 06.7700 6.770
| 58
| 2.5
|
resembles iron
|
|
| Praseodymium
| Pr
| 06.7730 6.773
| 59
| soft
|
silvery white, yellowish tinge
|
|
| Ytterbium
| Yb
| 06.9650 6.965
| 70
|
|
|
|
| Astatine
| At
| 07.0000 7 approximately
| 85
|
|
|
|
| Neodymium
| Nd
| 07.0070 7.007
| 60
|
|
| used in powerful permanent magnets
|
| Zinc
| Zn
| 07.1340 7.134
| 30
| 2.5
|
|
|
| Chromium
| Cr
| 07.1500 7.15
| 24
| 8.5
|
|
|
| Promethium
| Pm
| 07.2600 7.26
| 61
|
|
|
|
| Tin
| Sn
| 07.2870 7.287
| 50
| 1.5 soft metal
|
|
|
| Indium
| In
| 07.3100 7.310
| 49
| soft metal
|
|
|
| Manganese
| Mn
| 07.4400 7.44
| 25
| 6.0
|
|
|
| Samarium
| Sm
| 07.5200 7.52
| 62
|
|
|
|
| Iron
| Fe
| 07.8740 7.874
| 26
| metal
|
|
|
| Gadolinium
| Gd
| 07.8950 7.895
| 64
|
|
|
|
| Terbium
| Tb
| 08.2290 8.229
| 65
|
|
|
|
| Dysprosium
| Dy
| 08.5500 8.55
| 66
|
|
|
|
| Niobium
| Nb
| 08.5700 8.570
| 41
|
|
|
|
| Cadmium
| Cd
| 08.6900 8.69
| 48
|
|
|
|
| Holmium
| Ho
| 08.7950 8.795
| 67
|
|
|
|
| Cobalt
| Co
| 08.8600 8.86
| 27
|
|
|
|
| Nickel
| Ni
| 08.9120 8.912
| 28
|
|
|
|
| Copper
| Cu
| 08.9600 8.96
| 29
|
|
|
|
| Erbium
| Er
| 09.0660 9.066
| 68
|
|
|
|
| Polonium
| Po
| 09.3200 9.32
| 84
|
|
|
|
| Ununhexium
| Uuh
| 09.3200 9.32 or greater
| 116
|
|
|
|
| Thulium
| Tm
| 09.3210 9.321
| 69
|
|
|
|
| Bismuth
| Bi
| 09.8070 9.807
| 83
|
|
|
|
| Ununpentium
| Uup
| 09.8070 9.807 or greater
| 115
|
|
|
|
| Lutetium
| Lu
| 09.8400 9.84
| 71
|
|
|
|
| Lawrencium
| Lr
| 09.8400 9.84 or greater
| 103
|
|
|
|
| Actinium
| Ac
| 10.0700 10.07
| 89
|
| radioactive metallic element. glows in the dark with an eerie blue light.
|
|
| Molybdenum
| Mo
| 10.2200 10.22
| 42
|
|
|
|
| Silver
| Ag
| 10.5010 10.501
| 47
|
|
|
|
| Lead
| Pb
| 11.3420 11.342
| 82
|
|
|
|
| Ununquadium
| Uuq
| 11.3420 11.342 or greater
| 114
|
|
|
|
| Technetium
| Tc
| 11.5000 11.50
| 43
|
|
|
|
| Thorium
| Th
| 11.7200 11.72
| 90
|
|
|
|
| Thallium
| Tl
| 11.8500 11.85
| 81
|
|
|
|
| Ununtrium
| Uut
| 11.8500 11.85 or greater
| 113
|
|
|
|
| Palladium
| Pd
| 12.0200 12.020
| 46
|
|
|
|
| Ruthenium
| Ru
| 12.3700 12.37
| 44
|
|
|
|
| Rhodium
| Rh
| 12.4100 12.41
| 45
|
|
|
|
| Hafnium
| Hf
| 13.3100 13.31
| 72
|
|
|
|
| Einsteinium
| Es
| 13.5000 13.5 (Estimate)
| 99
|
|
|
|
| Curium
| Cm
| 13.5100 13.51
| 96
|
|
|
|
| Mercury
| Hg
| 13.5336 13.5336
| 80
|
|
|
|
| Ununbium
| Uub
| 13.5336 13.5336 or greater
| 112
|
|
|
|
| Americium
| Am
| 13.6900 13.69
| 95
|
|
|
|
| Berkelium
| Bk
| 14.7900 14.79
| 97
|
|
|
|
| Californium
| Cf
| 15.1000 15.10
| 98
|
|
|
|
| Protactinium
| Pa
| 15.3700 15.37
| 91
|
|
|
|
| Tantalum
| Ta
| 16.6540 16.654
| 73
|
|
|
|
| Rutherfordium
| Rf
| 18.1000 18.1
| 104
|
|
|
|
| Uranium
| U
| 18.9500 18.95
| 92
|
|
|
|
| Tungsten
| W
| 19.2500 19.25
| 74
|
|
|
|
| Gold
| Au
| 19.2820 19.282
| 79
|
|
|
|
| Roentgenium
| Rg
| 19.2820 19.282 or greater
| 111
|
|
|
|
| Plutonium
| Pu
| 19.8400 19.84
| 94
|
|
|
|
| Neptunium
| Np
| 20.2500 20.25
| 93
|
|
|
|
| Rhenium
| Re
| 21.0200 21.02
| 75
|
|
|
|
| Platinum
| Pt
| 21.4600 21.46
| 78
|
|
|
|
| Darmstadtium
| Ds
| 21.4600 21.46 or greater
| 110
|
|
|
|
| Osmium
| Os
| 22.6100 22.610
| 76
|
|
|
|
| Iridium
| Ir
| 22.6500 22.650
| 77
|
|
|
|
| Seaborgium
| Sg
| 35.0000 35 (Estimate)
| 106
|
|
|
|
| Meitnerium
| Mt
| 35.0000 35 (Estimate)
| 109
|
|
|
|
| Bohrium
| Bh
| 37.0000 37 (Estimate)
| 107
|
|
|
|
| Dubnium
| Db
| 39.0000 39 (Estimate)
| 105
|
|
|
|
| Hassium
| Hs
| 41.0000 41 (Estimate)
| 108
|
|
|
|
| Fermium
| Fm
| 99.9999 Unknown
| 100
|
|
|
|
| Mendelevium
| Md
| 99.9999 Unknown
| 101
|
|
|
|
| Nobelium
| No
| 99.9999 Unknown
| 102
|
|
|
|
| Ununoctium
| Uuo
| 99.9999 Unknown
| 118
|
|
|
|
