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Miglitol


Miglitol
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol
Identifiers
CAS number	72432-03-2
ATC code	A10BF02
PubChem	441314
DrugBank	APRD01117
Chemical data
Formula	C₈H₁₇N O₅
Mol. mass	207.224 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Dose-dependent
Protein binding	Negligible (<4.0%)
Metabolism	Nil
Half life	2 hours
Excretion	Renal (95%)
Therapeutic considerations
Licence data	US
Pregnancy cat.	B3(AU) B(US)
Legal status	℞-only(US)
Routes	Oral

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.

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Miglitol inhibits glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

v • d • e Oral antidiabetic drugs and Insulin analogs (A10)
Biguanides	Metformin
Sulfonylureas	Chlorpropamide, Glibenclamide (Glyburide), Gliclazide, Glimepiride, Glipizide, Gliquidone, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors	Acarbose, Miglitol, Voglibose
Thiazolidinediones (TZD)	Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone
Meglitinides	Nateglinide, Repaglinide, Mitiglinide
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors	Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin
Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog	Exenatide
Insulin analogs	fast acting (Insulin lispro, Insulin aspart, Insulin glulisine), intermediate-acting (NPH insulin), long acting (Insulin glargine, Insulin detemir)