Impact damage is a serious damage mechanism in composite materials, which limits their performance and reliability. Impact damage can occur during in-service applications or as a result of handling during manufacturing. Methods used currently for damage detection are based on different principles, and for that reason, they give a range of results no matter what the real damage is. Therefore, a comparison of the internal real damage with the flaw indications of a glass fibre–reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate made with two non-destructive technique (NDT) methods has been investigated. Laser shearography measurements and C-scan ultrasonic detection were compared. Metallographic examination and surface indentation measurements provided information about the character of the real damage. Such a comparison has not yet been published because laser shearography is considered a qualitative technique. Each NDT method was able to visualise a different type of damage. The knowledge of the applicability of these methods is the key to taking advantage of both methods by combining their respective strengths. In terms of the reliability, simplicity and rapidity of all of the mentioned techniques, laser shearography turned out to be the most suitable method for the detection of barely visible flaws. The C-scan was more appropriate for precisely defining the inner damage. The tested material was a laminate typically used for ultralight aircraft. Information about the extent of damage is very important for airplane certification and maintenance.
Plant parasitic nematodes are the most destructive group of plant pathogens worldwide and their control is extremely challenging. Plant Essential oils (EOs) and their constituents have a great potential in nematode control since they can be developed for use as nematicides themselves or can ... more
For over a century, ulcer has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Its treatment has progressed from vagotomy to proton pump inhibitors. However, the drugs used produce many adverse effects and are less effective than they ought to be. Therefore, there is a growing interest in alt ... more
Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous organisms found in the plants, residing intercellular or intracellular, at least for a portion of their lives without causing apparent symptoms of infection. Almost all plants are known to harbor endophytes. The choice of the plant to be used for exploring en ... more
Physicists describe how they have synthesized a new material that belongs to the iron-selenide class of superconductors, called LixFe2Se2(NH3)y, in a paper about to be published in EPJ B. The work was carried out by Ernst-Wilhelm Scheidt from the University of Augsburg and colleagues. This ... more
The U.S. federal government is significantly underestimating the costs of carbon pollution because it is using a faulty analytical model, according to a new study published in the Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. A more appropriate accounting of costs would pave the way to cle ... more
Springer advisory board member Vladimir V. Dmitriev, along with fellow scientists Yuriy M. Bunkov and Igor A. Fomin, have been named winners of the 2008 Fritz London Memorial Prize for their discovery and understanding of the "Phase Coherent Spin Precession and Spin Superfluidity of 3He-B." ... more