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Heterogeneous catalytic cracking of lipids into transportation fuels and other specialty chemicals offers a unique opportunity to provide sustainable energy while utilizing the current petroleum infrastructure. This study addresses a possible route for the utilization of phospholipid-containing biomass for production of renewable fuels and chemicals. The first part of the study focused on reaction pathways associated with the catalytic cracking of model phospholipid into fuel-type compounds. The results indicated that phospholipid cracking proceeds via acid-catalyzed mechanisms, which resulted to cleavage of fatty acids and glycerol moieties. Microbial lipids, which contain large concentrations of phospholipids, are a potential non-food related feedstock to displace petroleum. Among possible sources of microbial lipids, activated sludge offers a distinct advantage for its availability and abundance at a potential fee. The second part of this work dealt with the conversion of activated sludge to chemicals of value as fuel components through fluidized-bed catalytic cracking. The effect of moisture level and catalyst loading were determined. Results indicated that moisture level of up to 15 % (weight) has no effect on total product yield. On the other hand, higher catalyst loading resulted to a higher yield of gaseous product. Significant coke deposition was inferred as indicated by the high proportion of phenolic compounds produced from pyrolytic reactions. The results of this study provide a potential route of utilizing bulk lipid feedstocks, without the removal of phosphorus-containing molecules, to produce fuel components.
| Authors: | Emmanuel D. Revellame, William E. Holmes, Tracy J. Benson, Allison L. Forks, W. Todd French, Rafael Hernandez | |
| Journal: | Topics in Catalysis | |
| Year: | 2012 | |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11244-012-9787-1 | |
| Publication date: | 06-04-2012 |
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