Nickel-catalyzed chain-growth copolymerizations of thiophene and selenophene derivatives afforded well-defined π-conjugated copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions, defined end-groups, and specific sequences. In particular, a π-conjugated copolymer with a novel linear gradient sequence was prepared. Compared to the analogous block and random copolymers, the gradient copolymer displayed unique optical and thermal properties as well as thin-film morphology. Moreover, the gradient copolymer exhibited an intermediate extent of phase separation into thiophene-rich and selenophene-rich domains compared to the block and random copolymers. Because this gradient sequence provides access to new solid-state properties, these materials should be further explored in applications where phase-separated morphology is important (e.g., solar cells, transistors, and light-emitting diodes).
| Authors: |
|
Edmund F. Palermo; Anne J. McNeil |
| Journal: |
|
Macromolecules
|
| Year: |
|
2012 |
| DOI: |
|
10.1021/ma301135n |
| Publication date: |
|
20-07-2012 |