04-06-2013 | Andreas Wessel; Hannelore Hoch; Manfred Asche; Thomas von Rintelen; Björn Stelbrink; Volker Heck; Fred D. Stone; Fra ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The Hawaiian Islands provide the venue of one of nature’s grand experiments in evolution. Here, we present morphological, behavioral, genetic, and geologic data from a young subterranean insect lineage in lava tube caves on Hawai‘i Island. The Oliarus polyphemus species complex has the ...

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04-06-2013 | Haruhiko Inoue; Nagao Hayashi; Akane Matsushita; Liu Xinqiong; Akira Nakayama; Shoji Sugano; Chang-Jie Jiang; Hirosh ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Panicle blast 1 (Pb1) is a panicle blast resistance gene derived from the indica rice cultivar “Modan.” Pb1 encodes a coiled-coil–nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) protein and confers durable, broad-spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae races. Here, we investigated ...

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04-06-2013 | Dena M. Gromet; Howard Kunreuther; Richard P. Larrick, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

This research demonstrates how promoting the environment can negatively affect adoption of energy efficiency in the United States because of the political polarization surrounding environmental issues. Study 1 demonstrated that more politically conservative individuals were less in favor of ...

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04-06-2013 | Nuno D. Pires; Keke Yi; Holger Breuninger; Bruno Catarino; Benoît Menand; Liam Dolan, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The evolution of multicellular organisms was made possible by the evolution of underlying gene regulatory networks. In animals, the core of gene regulatory networks consists of kernels, stable subnetworks of transcription factors that are highly conserved in distantly related species. ...

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04-06-2013 | William A. Eaton; H. Peter Trommsdorff, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

When Robin Main Hochstrasser died on February 27, 2013, science lost one of its truly great physical chemists: a pioneer in the application of lasers in chemistry. Using advanced laser-based techniques to address questions of molecular structure and dynamics, Robin’s work impacted all ...

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04-06-2013 | Rebecca C. Meyer; Michelle M. Giddens; Stacy A. Schaefer; Randy A. Hall, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

GPR37 (also known as Pael-R) and GPR37L1 are orphan G protein-coupled receptors that are almost exclusively expressed in the nervous system. We screened these receptors for potential activation by various orphan neuropeptides, and these screens yielded a single positive hit: prosaptide, which ...

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04-06-2013 | Steven D. Zumbrun; Angela R. Melton-Celsa; Mark A. Smith; Jeremy J. Gilbreath; D. Scott Merrell; Alison D. O’Brien, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The likelihood that a single individual infected with the Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing, food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 will develop a life-threatening sequela called the hemolytic uremic syndrome is unpredictable. We reasoned that conditions that enhance Stx binding and uptake ...

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04-06-2013 | Jia Chang; Fei Liu; Min Lee; Benjamin Wu; Kang Ting; Janette N. Zara; Chia Soo; Khalid Al Hezaimi; Weiping Zou; Xiao ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for bone regeneration and repair. In the realm of therapeutic bone regeneration, the defect or injured tissues are frequently inflamed with an abnormal expression of inflammatory mediators. Growing evidence ...

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04-06-2013 | Roy C. Sidle; William H. Benson; John F. Carriger; Toshitaka Kamai, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Although the concept of ecosystem sustainability has a long-term focus, it is often viewed from a static system perspective. Because most ecosystems are dynamic, we explore sustainability assessments from three additional perspectives: resilient systems; systems where tipping points occur; ...

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04-06-2013 | Stanislav Kopriva, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Despite their different lifestyles, animals and plants share the dependence on small molecules, hormones, for systemic regulation of development and other cellular processes. The hormones act through specific receptors, either through triggering secondary signaling cascades or through direct ...

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