28-05-2013 | Ingrid J. De Vries-van Leeuwen; Daniel da Costa Pereira; Koen D. Flach; Sander R. Piersma; Christian Haase; David Bi ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including breast cancer. Breast cancer therapy is therefore currently directed at inhibiting the transcriptional potency of ERα, either by blocking estrogen production through aromatase inhibitors ...

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28-05-2013 | Jérémie Piton; Valéry Larue; Yann Thillier; Audrey Dorléans; Olivier Pellegrini; Inés Li de la Sierra-Gallay; Jean-J ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

The initiation of mRNA degradation often requires deprotection of its 5′ end. In eukaryotes, the 5′-methylguanosine (cap) structure is principally removed by the Nudix family decapping enzyme Dcp2, yielding a 5′-monophosphorylated RNA that is a substrate for 5′ exoribonucleases. In bacteria, ...

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28-05-2013 | Ann-Louise Johansson; Martin Högbom; Jens Carlsson; Robert B. Gennis; Peter Brzezinski, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Proton transfer across biological membranes underpins central processes in biological systems, such as energy conservation and transport of ions and molecules. In the membrane proteins involved in these processes, proton transfer takes place through specific pathways connecting the two sides ...

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28-05-2013 | Wen-Wei Tsai; Sherry Niessen; Naomi Goebel; John R. Yates III; Ernesto Guccione; Marc Montminy, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Under fasting conditions, increases in circulating glucagon maintain glucose balance by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis. Triggering of the cAMP pathway stimulates gluconeogenic gene expression through the PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein and ...

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28-05-2013 | Renu Mohan; Eugene A. Katrukha; Harinath Doodhi; Ihor Smal; Erik Meijering; Lukas C. Kapitein; Michel O. Steinmetz; ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are widely used for treatment of cancer and other diseases, and a detailed understanding of the mechanism of their action is important for the development of improved microtubule-directed therapies. Although there is a large body of data on the interactions ...

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28-05-2013 | Irina Smirnova; Vladimir Kasho; Junichi Sugihara; H. Ronald Kaback, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Trp replacements for conserved Gly–Gly pairs between the N- and C-terminal six-helix bundles on the periplasmic side of lactose permease (LacY) cause complete loss of transport activity with little or no effect on sugar binding. Moreover, the detergent-solubilized mutants exhibit much greater ...

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28-05-2013 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

BIOCHEMISTRY Correction for “Molecular mechanism of quinone signaling mediated through S-quinonization of a YodB family repressor QsrR,” by Quanjiang Ji, Liang Zhang, Marcus B. Jones, Fei Sun, Xin Deng, Haihua Liang, Hoonsik Cho, Pedro Brugarolas, Yihe N. Gao, Scott N. Peterson, Lefu Lan, ...

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28-05-2013 | Simone Kühnle; Benedikt Mothes; Konstantin Matentzoglu; Martin Scheffner, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Inactivation of the ubiquitin ligase E6 associated protein (E6AP) encoded by the UBE3A gene has been associated with development of the Angelman syndrome. Recently, it was reported that in mice, loss of E6AP expression results in increased levels of the synaptic protein Arc and a concomitant ...

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28-05-2013 | Ellen F. Vieux; Matthew L. Wohlever; James Z. Chen; Robert T. Sauer; Tania A. Baker, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Lon is an ATPase associated with cellular activities (AAA+) protease that controls cell division in response to stress and also degrades misfolded and damaged proteins. Subunits of Lon are known to assemble into ring-shaped homohexamers that enclose an internal degradation chamber. Here, we ...

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21-05-2013 | Congmin Li; Masahiro Enomoto; Ana M. Rossi; Min-Duk Seo; Taufiq Rahman; Peter B. Stathopulos; Colin W. Taylor; Mitsu ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Calcium-binding protein 1 (CaBP1) is a neuron-specific member of the calmodulin superfamily that regulates several Ca2+ channels, including inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs). CaBP1 alone does not affect InsP3R activity, but it inhibits InsP3-evoked Ca2+ release by slowing the ...

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