Formation

High-energy X-ray beams and a clever experimental setup allowed researchers to watch a high-pressure, high-temperature chemical reaction to determine for the first time what controls formation of two different nanoscale crystalline structures in the metal cobalt. The technique allowed continuous stu more

In a new study, researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne and Brookhaven National Laboratories observed the formation of two kinds of defects in individual nanowires, which are smaller in diameter than a human hair. These nanowires, made of indium gallium arsenide, could be usef more

A fundamental discovery that alters our current understanding of how metals solidify and form crystalline patterns may help lead to better control of casting and welding processes. It also explains how snowflakes and many mineral patterns form naturally. Reexamining data from his 20-year-old NASA ex more

The use of nanoparticles in consumer products shows a tremendous increase over the past years. A study of the Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars reported that between 2005 and today the number of products based on nanoparticles increase more

Air and bubbles, or fluid aeration and cavitation, can cause numerous problems in a hydraulic and lubrication oil system. Lubrication practitioners should be attentive to abnormal noise, poor component response due to spongy behavior of aerated fluid more

DLS analysis is a widely applied, non-invasive method for measuring the effective size of molecules in solution. This technique yields valuable information for the characterization of molecules and particles. It facilitates formerly laborious and tim more

Grafting chains on the surface of filler is an effective strategy to tune and control the filler conductive network, which can be utilized to fabricate polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) with high electrical conductivity. In this work, by employing the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we inv more

Oligomeric and protofibrillar aggregates that are populated along the pathway of amyloid fibril formation appear generally to be more toxic than the mature fibrillar state. In particular, α-synuclein, the protein associated with Parkinson's disease, forms kinetically trapped protofibrils in the pres more

The development of versatile and sustainable catalytic strategies for amide bond formation is a major objective for the pharmaceutical sector and the wider chemical industry. Herein, we report a biocatalytic approach to amide synthesis which exploits the diversity of Nature's amide bond forming enzy more