Sensors, Vol. 13, Pages 7633-7651: Development of a Control System for the Teat-End Vacuum in Individual Quarter Milking Systems
Progress in sensor technique and electronics has led to a decrease in the costs of electronic and sensor components. In modern dairy farms, having udders in good condition, a lower frequency of udder disease and an extended service life of dairy cows will help ensure competitiveness. The objective of this study was to develop a teat-end vacuum control system with individual quarter actor reaction. Based on a review of the literature, this system is assumed to protect the teat tissue. It reduces the mean teat-end vacuum in the maximum vacuum phase (b) to a level of 20 kPa at a flow rate of 0.25 L/min per quarter. At flow rates higher than 1.50 L/min per quarter, the teat-end vacuum can be controlled to a level of 30 kPa, because in this case it is desirable to have a higher vacuum for the transportation of the milk to the receiver. With this system it is possible for the first time to supply the teat end with low vacuum at low flow rates and with higher vacuum at increasing flow rates in a continuous process with a three second reaction-rate on individual quarter level. This system is completely automated.
IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 1380: In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Studies of PM2.5 on Disease Progression
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071380
Authors:
Ching-Chang Cho
Wen-Yeh Hsieh
Chin-Hung Tsai
Cheng-Yi Chen
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Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 1719: Building Retrofit with Photovoltaics: Construction and Performance of a BIPV Ventilated Façade
Energies doi: 10.3390/en11071719
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Materials, Vol. 11, Pages 1123: Electrochemically Enhanced Drug Delivery Using Polypyrrole Films
Materials doi: 10.3390/ma11071123
Authors:
Sayed Ashfaq Ali Shah
Melike Firlak
Stuart Ryan Berrow
Nathan Ross Halcovitch
Sara Jane Baldock
Bakhtiar Muhammad Yousafzai
Rania M ... more