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List of oxidation states of the elements



This is a list of all the known oxidation states of the chemical elements, excluding nonintegral values. The more common oxidation states are highlighted. This table is based on Greenwood's,[1] with all additions noted. Oxidation state 0, which is found for all elements, is implied by the column with the element's symbol. The format of the table, based on one devised by Mendeleev in 1889, highlights some of the periodic trends.

−1 H +1
He
−1 Li +1
Be +2
B +1 +2 +3
−4 −3 −2 −1 C +1 +2 +3 +4
−3 −2 −1 N +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
−2 −1 O +1 +2
−1 F
Ne
−1 Na +1
Mg +2
Al +1 +3
−4 −3 −2 −1 Si +1 +2 +3 +4
−3 −2 −1 P +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
−2 −1 S +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
−1 Cl +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7
Ar
K +1
Ca +2
Sc +1 +2 +3
−1 Ti +2 +3 +4
−1 V +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
−2 −1 Cr +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
−3 −2 −1 Mn +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7
−2 −1 Fe +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
−1 Co +1 +2 +3 +4 +5
−1 Ni +1 +2 +3 +4
Cu +1 +2 +3 +4
Zn +2
Ga +1 +2 +3
−4 Ge +1 +2 +3 +4
−3 As +2 +3 +5
−2 Se +2 +4 +6
−1 Br +1 +3 +4 +5 +7
Kr +2
Rb +1
Sr +2
Y +2 +3
Zr +1 +2 +3 +4
−1 Nb +2 +3 +4 +5
−2 −1 Mo +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
−3 −1 Tc +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7
−2 Ru +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8
−1 Rh +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
Pd +2 +4
Ag +1 +2 +3
Cd +2
In +1 +2 +3
−4 Sn +2 +4
−3 Sb +3 +5
−2 Te +2 +4 +5 +6
−1 I +1 +3 +5 +7
Xe +2 +4 +6 +8
Cs +1
Ba +2
La +2 +3
Ce +2 +3 +4
Pr +2 +3 +4
Nd +2 +3
Pm +3
Sm +2 +3
Eu +2 +3
Gd +1 +2 +3
Tb +1 +3 +4
Dy +2 +3
Ho +3
Er +3
Tm +2 +3
Yb +2 +3
Lu +3
Hf +2 +3 +4
−1 Ta +2 +3 +4 +5
−2 −1 W +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
−3 −1 Re +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7
−2 Os +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8
−1 Ir +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
Pt +2 +4 +5 +6
−1 Au +1 +2 +3
Hg +1 +2 +4 [2]
Tl +1 +3
−4 Pb +2 +4
−3 Bi +3 +5
−2 Po +2 +4 +6
−1 At +1 +3 +5 +7
Rn
Fr +1
Ra +2
Ac +3
Th +2 +3 +4
Pa +3 +4 +5
U +3 +4 +5 +6
Np +3 +4 +5 +6 +7
Pu +3 +4 +5 +6 +7
Am +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
Cm +3 +4
Bk +3 +4
Cf +2 +3 +4
Es +2 +3
Fm +2 +3
Md +2 +3
No +2 +3
Lr +3
Rf +4

References

  1. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Edition, Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. , p. 28.
  2. ^ Hg4+ has been observed in mercury tetrafluoride; see Xuefang Wang; Lester Andrews; Sebastian Riedel; and Martin Kaupp (2007). "Mercury Is a Transition Metal: The First Experimental Evidence for HgF4.". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 (44): 8371–8375. doi:10.1002/anie.200703710..
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List_of_oxidation_states_of_the_elements". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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