List of Kyoto Protocol signatories

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1 Signed and ratified
2 Signed but not yet ratified
3 Not intending to ratify
4 No position expressed yet
5 References

Signed and ratified

See also: Kyoto Protocol

As of November 2007, 174 states have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, aimed at combating global warming. The count on the UNFCCC list^[1]^[2] includes three extra parties:

Niue and Cook Islands are counted separately. These are self-governing islands, but are not independent from New Zealand.
In addition to its member states, the European Union is counted as a party to the Protocol.

Note: Signing is optional, indicating an intention to ratify the Protocol. Ratification means that an Annex I party (e.g. a developed country or one with an 'economy in transition') has agreed to cap emissions in accordance with the Protocol. 37 of the 39 Annex I parties have agreed to cap their emissions in this way, two others are required to do so under their conditions of accession into the EU, and one more intends to become an Annex I party.

Country		UNFCCC	annex	% for ratification	reduction commitment for 2012^[3]	Signed	Ratification/Acceptance	Notes
1	Fiji	member				17 September 1998	17 September 1998
2	Antigua and Barbuda	member				16 March 1998	3 November 1998
3	Tuvalu	member				16 November 1998	16 November 1998
4	Maldives	member				16 March 1998	30 December 1998
5	Turkmenistan	member				28 September 1998	11 January 1999
6	Trinidad and Tobago	member				7 January 1999	28 January 1999
7	Panama	member				8 June 1998	5 March 1999
8	Bahamas	member					9 April 1999
9	Georgia	member					16 June 1999
10	Federated States of Micronesia	member				17 March 1998	21 June 1999
11	Jamaica	member					28 June 1999
12	Cyprus	member					16 July 1999	-^[4]
13	Paraguay	member				25 August 1998	27 August 1999
14	Guatemala	member				10 July 1998	5 October 1999
15	Uzbekistan	member				20 November 1998	12 October 1999
16	Nicaragua	member				7 July 1998	18 November 1999
17	Bolivia	member				29 July 1998	30 November 1999
18	Palau	member					10 December 1999
19	Mongolia	member					15 December 1999
20	Ecuador	member				15 January 1999	13 January 2000
21	El Salvador	member				8 June 1998	13 January 2000
22	Honduras	member				25 February 1999	19 July 2000
23	Barbados	member					7 August 2000
24	Equatorial Guinea	member					16 August 2000
25	Lesotho	member					6 September 2000
26	Guinea	member					7 September 2000
27	Kiribati	member					7 September 2000
28	Mexico	member				9 June 1998	7 September 2000
29	Azerbaijan	member					28 September 2000
30	Samoa	member				16 March 1998	27 November 2000
31	Uruguay	member				29 July 1998	5 February 2001
32	Romania	member	I	1.24%	-8%^[5]	5 January 1999	19 March 2001
33	Mauritius	member					9 May 2001
34	Gambia	member					1 June 2001
35	Vanuatu	member					17 July 2001
36	Senegal	member					20 July 2001
37	Nauru	member					16 August 2001
38	Argentina	member				16 March 1998	28 September 2001
39	Burundi	member					18 October 2001
40	Bangladesh	member					22 October 2001
41	Malawi	member					26 October 2001
42	Malta	member	-^[4]			17 April 1998	11 November 2001
43	Czech Republic	member	I	1.24%	-8%^[5]	23 November 1998	15 November 2001
44	Colombia	member					30 November 2001
45	Morocco	member					25 January 2002
46	Dominican Republic	member					12 February 2002
47	Benin	member					25 February 2002
48	Djibouti	member					12 March 2002
49	Uganda	member					25 March 2002
50	Mali	member				27 January 1999	28 March 2002
51	Papua New Guinea	member				2 March 1999	28 March 2002
52	Cuba	member				15 March 1999	30 April 2002
53	Iceland	member	I, II	0.02%	+10%^[6]		23 May 2002	55^th entity (if counting with the Cook Islands and Niue), this fulfills the first condition for coming-into-force
54	Norway	member	I, II	0.26%	+1%^[6]	29 April 1998	30 May 2002
--	European Union	member^[7]	I, II	31.68%	-8%^[5]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002	All ratifications of the then-EU-members are deposited simultaneously (see 55-70)
55	Austria	member	I, II	0.4%	-8% (-13%)^[5]	24 September 1998	31 May 2002
56	Belgium	member	I, II	0.8%	-8% (-7.5%)^[5]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
57	Denmark	member	I, II	0.4%	-8% (-21%)^[5]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002	Greenland: applied Faroe Islands: not applied
58	Finland	member	I, II	0.4%	-8% (0%)^[5]^[8]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
59	France	member	I, II	2.7%	-8% (0%)^[5]^[8]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002	French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion: applied French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon: not applied
60	Germany	member	I, II	7.4%	-8% (-21%)^[5]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
61	Greece	member	I, II	0.6%	-8% (+25%),^[5]^[6]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
62	Ireland	member	I, II	0.2%	-8% (+13%),^[5]^[6]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
63	Italy	member	I, II	3.1%	-8% (-6.5%)^[5]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
64	Luxembourg	member	I, II	0.1%	-8% (-28%)^[5]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
65	Netherlands	member	I, II	1.2%	-8% (-6%)^[5]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002	Aruba: not applied Netherlands Antilles: not applied
66	Portugal	member	I, II	0.3%	-8% (+27%),^[5]^[6]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
67	Spain	member	I, II	1.9%	-8% (+15%),^[5]^[6]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
68	Sweden	member	I, II	0.4%	-8% (+4%),^[5]^[6]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
69	United Kingdom	member	I, II	4.3%	-8% (-12.5%)^[5]	29 April 1998	31 May 2002
70	Slovakia	member	I	0.42%	-8%^[5]	26 February 1998	31 May 2002
71	Japan	member	I, II	8.55%	-6%	28 April 1998	4 June 2002
72	Latvia	member	I	0.17%	-8%	14 December 1998	5 July 2002
73	Seychelles	member				20 March 1998	22 July 2002
74	South Africa	member					31 July 2002
75	Slovenia	member	I	-^[9]	-8%^[5]	21 October 1998	2 August 2002
76	Grenada	member					6 August 2002
77	Costa Rica	member				27 April 1998	9 August 2002
78	Bulgaria	member	I	0.6%	-8%^[5]	18 September 1998	15 August 2002
79	Hungary	member	I	0.52%	-6%^[5]		21 August 2002
80	Cambodia	member					22 August 2002
81	Brazil	member				29 April 1998	23 August 2002
82	Bhutan	member					26 August 2002
83	Chile	member				17 June 1998	26 August 2002
84	India	member					26 August 2002
85	Tanzania	member					26 August 2002
86	Cameroon	member					28 August 2002
87	Thailand	member				2 February 1999	28 August 2002
88	China	member				29 May 1998	30 August 2002	Hong Kong: applied since April 8 2003 Macau: not applied
89	Sri Lanka	member					3 September 2002
90	Malaysia	member				12 March 1999	4 September 2002
91	Peru	member				13 November 1998	12 September 2002
92	Vietnam	member				3 December 1998	25 September 2002
93	Estonia	member	I	0.28%	-8%^[5]	3 December 1998	14 October 2002
94	Liberia	member					5 November 2002
95	South Korea	member				25 September 1998	8 November 2002
96	Poland	member	I	3.02%	-6%^[5]	15 July 1998	13 December 2002
97	Canada	member	I, II	3.33%	-6%	29 April 1998	17 December 2002
98	New Zealand	member^[10]	I, II	0.19%	0%^[8]	22 May 1998	19 December 2002	Niue: signed 8 December 1998, ratified 6 May 1999 Cook Islands: signed 16 September 1998, ratified 27 August 2001 Tokelau: not applied
99	Lithuania	member	I	-^[9]	-8%^[5]	21 September 1998	3 January 2003
100	Jordan	member					17 January 2003
101	Tunisia	member					22 January 2003
102	Laos	member					6 February 2003
103	Solomon Islands	member				29 September 1998	13 March 2003
104	Moldova	member					22 April 2003
105	Armenia	member					25 April 2003
106	Kyrgyzstan	member					13 May 2003
107	Ghana	member					30 May 2003
108	Switzerland	member	I, II	0.32%	-8%	16 March 1998	9 July 2003
109	Guyana	member					5 August 2003
110	Botswana	member					8 August 2003
111	Marshall Islands	member				17 March 1998	11 August 2003
112	Burma	member					13 August 2003
113	Saint Lucia	member				16 March 1998	20 August 2003
114	Namibia	member					4 September 2003
115	Madagascar	member					24 September 2003
116	Belize	member					26 September 2003
117	Philippines	member				15 April 1998	20 November 2003
118	Israel	member				16 December 1998	15 March 2004
119	Ukraine	member	I	-^[9]	0%^[8]	15 March 1999	12 April 2004
120	Togo	member					2 July 2004
121	Rwanda	member					22 July 2004
122	Yemen	member					15 September 2004
123	Niger	member				23 October 1998	30 September 2004
124	Sudan	member					2 November 2004
125	Russia	member	I	17.4%	0%^[8]	11 March 1999	18 November 2004	With Russia's ratification the "55 percent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of the Parties included in Annex I" clause was satisfied and the treaty brought into force, effective 16 February 2005.
126	Republic of Macedonia	member					18 November 2004
127	Indonesia	member				13 July 1998	3 December 2004
128	Liechtenstein	member	I	0.0015%	-8%	29 June 1998	3 December 2004
129	Nigeria	member					10 December 2004
130	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	member				19 March 1998	31 December 2004
131	Pakistan	member					11 January 2005
132	Qatar	member					11 January 2005
133	Egypt	member				15 March 1999	12 January 2005
134	Mozambique	member					18 January 2005
135	Oman	member					19 January 2005
136	Dominica	member					25 January 2005
137	United Arab Emirates	member					26 January 2005
138	Saudi Arabia	member					31 January 2005
139	Algeria	member					16 February 2005
140	Venezuela	member					18 February 2005
141	Kenya	member					25 February 2005
142	Kuwait	member					11 March 2005
143	Democratic Republic of the Congo	member					23 March 2005
144	Burkina Faso	member					31 March 2005
145	Albania	member					1 April 2005
146	Ethiopia	member					14 April 2005
147	North Korea	member					27 April 2005
148	Haiti	member					6 July 2005
149	Mauritania	member					22 July 2005
150	Eritrea	member					28 July 2005
151	Iran	member					22 August 2005
152	Belarus	member	I	-^[9]	none yet^[11]		26 August 2005
153	Nepal	member					16 September 2005
154	Guinea-Bissau	member					18 November 2005
155	Swaziland	member					13 January 2006
156	Syria	member					27 January 2006
157	Bahrain	member					31 January 2006
158	Cape Verde	member					10 February 2006
159	Monaco	member	I	0.0015%	-8%	29 April 1998	27 February 2006
160	Singapore	member					12 April 2006
161	Zambia	member				August 5 1998	July 7 2006
162	Libya	member					August 24 2006
163	Suriname	member					September 25 2006
164	Sierra Leone	member					November 10 2006
165	Lebanon	member					November 13 2006
166	Gabon	member					December 12 2006
167	Congo	member					February 12 2007
168	Bosnia and Herzegovina	member					April 16 2007
169	Côte d'Ivoire	member					April 23 2007
170	Croatia	member	I	-^[9]	-5%	March 11 1999	April 27 2007
171	Angola	member					May 8 2007
172	Montenegro	observer					June 4 2007
173	Serbia	member					September 24 2007
174	Australia	member	I, II	2.1%	+8%^[6]	April 29 1998	December 3 2007
total countries:		members: 173 observers: 1	I: 37 II: 21	32	-%: 31 (24) 0%: 3 (5) +%: 2 (7)

Signed but not yet ratified

Country		UNFCCC	annex	% for ratification	reduction target 2008/12	Signed	Ratification/Acceptance	Notes
	Kazakhstan	member	^[12]	-^[13]	none yet^[14]	March 12 1999
total countries:		members: 1 observers: 0

Not intending to ratify

Country		UNFCCC	annex	% for ratification	reduction target 2008/12	Signed	Ratification/Acceptance	Notes
	United States	member	I, II	36.1%	-7%	November 12 1998		Federal government has not ratified
total countries:		members: 1 observers: 0	I: 1 II: 1	1	-%: 1 0%: 0 +%: 0

No position expressed yet

Entity		UNFCCC	annex	% for ratification	reduction target 2008/12	Signed	Ratification/Acceptance	Notes
1	Afghanistan	member
2	Andorra	observer
3	Brunei	observer
4	Central African Republic	member
5	Chad	member
6	Comoros	member
7	Iraq	observer
8	Republic of China (Taiwan)
9	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
10	Saint Kitts and Nevis	member
11	San Marino	member
12	São Tomé and Príncipe	member
13	Somalia	observer
14	Tajikistan	member
15	Timor-Leste	member
16	Tonga	member
17	Turkey	member	I, -^[15]	-^[9]	none yet^[11]
18	Vatican City	observer
19	Zimbabwe	member
total entities: 19		members: 12 observers: 5 none: 2	I: 1 II: 0

According to the UNFCCC, Brunei is now a member of the Kyoto Protocol*

References

^ Kyoto Protocol Status of Ratification (pdf). Retrieved on October 12, 2006.
^ Status of Ratification. UNFCCC's Kyoto Protocol Background. Retrieved on May 8, 2007.
^ As per Kyoto protocol annex B [1]
^ ^a ^b Cyprus and Malta become EU members after the signature of the Kyoto protocol, but have not yet changed their status to become annex I/II/B states and thus have no commitment for emissions reduction. However, as EU members they are obliged to participate in the EU ETS
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y The EU15 has a total aggregate figure -8% for reduction; emissions will be pooled among member states trough internal EU reduction assignments mentioned in the brackets (thus increases in some member states are compensated by bigger reductions in others). The 12 member states that entered the union later - in 2004 and 2007 retain their individual Kyoto targets ranging from none for non-annex Cyprus and Malta to -8%. [2]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h increase allowed
^ The EU member states are also members of the UNFCCC on their own.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Neither reduction required, nor increase allowed - emissions should stay at their 1990 level.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f For some reason despite being annex-I states some countries' emissions are not calculated into the total percentage for entry into force of the Kyoto protocol.
^ New Zealand's territories of the Cook Islands and Niue are also members of the UNFCCC on their own.
^ ^a ^b Annex I countries that were not parties to the UNFCCC at the time of signing of the Kyoto protocol have no reduction targets assigned.
^ Kazakhstan has declared that it wants to become annex I state after its ratification of the protocol. Its reduction target under annex B is thus not yet determined.
^ At the time of signing of the Kyoto protocol Kazakhstan was not annex I state, that's why its emissions are not calculated in the figure for the ratification.
^ To be determined when Kazakhstan becomes annex I state
^ Turkey was removed from the annex II list in 2001 at its request its economy to be recognised as a transition one