List of plants used as medicine

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Species	Common name	Pharmaceutical property	Confirmation status^[1]
Achillea millefolium	Yarrow
Allium sativum	Garlic	Antibiotic (in vitro)	Confirmed^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]
		Cardiovascular health	Unconfirmed^[7]
Anethum graveolens	Dill and Dill oil
Aquilaria agollocha	Eaglewood
Artemisia annua L.	Sweet sagewort
Artemisia absinthium L	Wormwood
Aristolochia rotunda	Smearwort
Arum Maculatum	Lords and Ladies
Astragalus membranaceus	Astragalus
Crataegus spp.	Hawthorn
Digitalis lanata	Balkan Foxglove	Antiarrhythmic agent and inotrope	Confirmed^[8]^[9]
Echinacea purpurea	Purple coneflower, and other species of Echinacea	Reduce the severity and duration of symptoms associated with cold and flu.	Unconfirmed^[10]
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Liquorice
Hydrastis canadensis	Goldenseal
Hypericum perforatum	St. John's Wort	Antidepressant	Confirmed w.r.t. placebo^[11] Denied in large controlled trial^[12]
Marrubium vulgare	Horehound	Expectorant	Unconfirmed
Matricaria recutita (Chamomilla recutita)	Chamomile	Relaxant/Calmative
Mentha × piperita	Peppermint	Irritable Bowel Syndrome/Peristalsis
Nepeta cataria	Catnip
Passiflora spp.	Passion-flower	Insomnia
Phyolacca spp.	Pokeweed	Topical: acne	Unconfirmed
		Internal: tonsilitis	Unconfirmed
Plantago spp.	Plantain and Psyllium	Astringent	Unconfirmed
Salvia Stenophylla	Blue Mountain Sage
Symphytum officinale	Comfrey
Tanacetum parthenium (Chrysanthemum parthenium)	Feverfew
Taraxacum officinale	Dandelion	Digestive	Unconfirmed
Tilia spp.	Lime Blossom
Urtica dioica	Urtica dioica
Valeriana officinalis	Valerian	Sedative

References

^ Properties that have been shown by rigorous scientific study are marked as "Confirmed". Those that have been shown not to apply are marked "Denied". All other properties are marked "Unconfirmed".
^ Nicole Johnston (April 2002). "Garlic: A Natural Antibiotic". Modern Drug Discovery 5 (4).
^ A. Prakash and J. Rao (1997). Botanical pesticides in agriculture. CRC Press. USA.
^ Cai Y, Wang R, Pei F, Liang BB (2007). "Antibacterial activity of allicin alone and in combination with beta-lactams against Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa". J. Antibiot. 60 (5): 335-8. PMID 17551215.
^ Eja ME, Asikong BE, Abriba C, Arikpo GE, Anwan EE, Enyi-Idoh KH (2007). "A comparative assessment of the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and antibiotics on diarrheagenic organisms". Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 38 (2): 343-8. PMID 17539285.
^ Tessema B, Mulu A, Kassu A, Yismaw G (2006). "An in vitro assessment of the antibacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on bacterial isolates from wound infections". Ethiop. Med. J. 44 (4): 385-9. PMID 17370439.
^ The proposed cardiovascular benefits of garlic have been the subject of significant clinical research, with sometimes conflicting results. At present, any clinical benefit in terms of cardiovascular health remains unconfirmed. See:
- Rahman K, Lowe GM (2006). "Garlic and cardiovascular disease: a critical review". J. Nutr. 136 (3 Suppl): 736S-740S. PMID 16484553.
- Gardner CD, Lawson LD, Block E, et al (2007). "Effect of raw garlic vs commercial garlic supplements on plasma lipid concentrations in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia: a randomized clinical trial". Arch. Intern. Med. 167 (4): 346-53. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.4.346. PMID 17325296.
^ Lip, GYH, Watson, RDS, & Singh, SP (1995). "ABC of Atrial Fibrillation: DRUGS FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION". British Medical Journal 311: 1631-1634.
^ Note: Digitalis use in the United States is controlled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and can only be prescribed by a physician. Misuse can cause death
^ Roxas M, Jurenka J (2007). "Colds and influenza: a review of diagnosis and conventional, botanical, and nutritional considerations". Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic 12 (1): 25-48. PMID 17397266.
^ Gaster, B & Holroyd, J (2000). "St John's wort for depression: a systematic review.". Archives of Internal Medicine 160 (2): 152-6. PMID 10647752.
^ Davidson, J et al. (2002). "Effect of Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort) in Major Depressive Disorder". Journal of the American Medical Association 287 (14): 1807-1814.