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# First moment of area

The first moment of area, sometimes misnamed as the first moment of inertia, is based in the mathematical construct moments in metric spaces, stating that the moment of area equals the summation of area times distance to an axis [Σ(a x d)]. It is a measure of the distribution of the area of a shape in relationship to an axis.

First moment of area is commonly used in engineering applications to determine the centroid of an object or the statical moment of area.

## Definition

Given an area of any shape, and division of that area into very small, equal-sized, elemental areas (dA), and given an x-y axis, where from each elemental area is measured, that is the distances to each elemental area is known as yi and xi, therefore the first moment of area in the "X" and "Y" directions are respectively: $M_x = A \bar y = \int y_i dA$ and $M_y = A \bar x = \int x_i dA$.

The SI unit for first moment of area is metre to the third power (m3). In the American Engineering and Gravitational systems the unit is foot to the third power (ft3) or more commonly inch3.

## Statical moment of area

The static or statical moment of area, usually denoted by the symbol Q, is a property of a shape that is used to predict its resistance to shear stress. By definition:

$Q_{j,x} = \int y_i dA$, where

• Qj,x - the first moment of area "j" about the neutral x axis of the entire body (not the neutral axis of the area "j");
• dA - an elemental area of area "j";
• y - the perpendicular distance to the element dA from the neutral axis x.

## Shear Stress in a Semi-monocoque Structure

The equation for shear flow in a particular web section of the cross-section of a semi-monocoque structure is:

$q = \frac{V_y Q_x}{I_x}$
• q - the shear flow through a particular web section of the cross-section
• Vy - the shear force perpendicular to the neutral axis x through the entire cross-section
• Qx - the first moment of area about the neutral axis x for a particular web section of the cross-section
• Ix - the second moment of area about the neutral axis x for the entire cross-section

Shear stress may now be calculated using the following equation:

${\tau} = \frac{q}{t}$
• τ - the shear stress through a particular web section of the cross-section
• q - the shear flow through a particular web section of the cross-section
• t - the (average) thickness of a particular web section of the cross-section