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ACS National Historical Chemical Landmarks



  The ACS National Historic Chemical Landmarks Program was launched by the American Chemical Society in 1992 and has recognized 60 landmarks to date. The project is part of the ACS Division of the History of Chemistry and has the aim of compiling "an annotated roster for chemists and chemical engineers, students, educators, historians, and travelers."

Contents

List of landmarks

1993

  • Bakelite the world's first completely synthetic plastic

1994

 

  • The Chandler Chemistry Laboratory at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
  • The Joseph Priestley House, Pennsylvania home of Joseph Priestley, discoverer of oxygen

1995

  • Atomic weight of oxygen calculated by Edward Morley
  • Coal as a source of acetyl chemicals for plastics materials and fibers rather than petrolium
  • First nylon plant, built by DuPont, at Seaford, Delaware
  • Riverside Laboratory at Universal Oil Products

1996

  • The Sohio Acrylonitrile production process
  • Houdry process for the selective conversion or catalytic cracking of crude petroleum to gasoline
  • Kem-Tone® water based or latex paint developed by Sherwin-Williams chemists
  • Williams-Miles History of Chemistry Collection housed at Harding University in Searcy, Arkansas

1997

  • Hall-Héroult process for the industrial porduction of aluminum by electrochemistry discovered in 1886 was demonstrated by American chemist Charles Martin Hall and independently in the same year by French chemist Paul Héroult
  • First electrolytic production of bromine by Herbert Henry Dow at the Evens Mill in Midland, Michigan
  • Gilman Hall at the University of California, Berkeley
  • Radiation chemistry commercialized

1998

1999

2000

2001

  • Savannah Pulp and Paper Laboratory founded by Georgia chemist Charles H. Herty, Sr. who discovered a method to make quality paper from southern pine trees in 1932
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology, (NIST)
  • The commercialization of aluminum by the Pittsburgh Reduction Company (Aluminum Company of America) in 1888 that used the elctrochemical process discovered by Charles Martin Hall
  • The founding of the American Chemical Society in 1876 and its first president John William Draper

2002

  • African-American engineer Norbert Rillieux inventor of the multiple-effect evaporator (1934) and a revolution in sugar processing giving better quality with less manpower and at reduced cost
  • Hungarian chemist Albert Szent-Györgyi and the discovery of Vitamin C which he proved was identical to that hexuronic acid that could be extracted in kilogram quantities from paprika
  • Noyes Laboratory: One Hundred Years of Chemistry
  • Alice Hamilton and the development of occupational medicine that helped make the American workplace less dangerous
  • Quality and stability of frozen foods made possible by the research of the Western Regional Research Center after World War II that investigated how time and temperature affected their stability and quality

2003

  • The discovery of the life-saving anticancer agents Camptothecin (1966) and Taxol® (1971) obtained from the Chinese Camptotheca acuminata and the Pacific yew tree respectively at the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) by the research team of Monroe Wall, Mansukh C. Wani, and colleagues
  • The Polymer Research Institute at the Polytechnic University of New York established in 1946 by Herman Mark was the first academic facility in the United States devoted to the study and teaching of polymer science
  • The development of high performance Carbon fibers by scientists at the Parma Technical Center of Union Carbide Corporation (now GrafTech International)

2004

  • The Beckman pH meter developed by Arnold Orville Beckman while a member of the faculty of the California Institute of Technology was the first commercially successful electronic pH meter
  • The evolution of durable press and flame retardant cotton by the Southern Regional Research Center that made cotton more competitive with synthetic fabrics
  • Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori and their research that led to our current understanding of the metabolism of sugars or the "Cori cycle" by which the body reversibly converts glucose and glycogen

2005

  • George Washington Carver who despite being born into slavery went on to join the faculty of Tuskegee Institute in 1896 where he developed new products including peanuts, sweet potatoes and researched crop rotation and the restoration of soil fertility
  • Selman Waksman who isolated antibiotics produced by actinomycetes including streptomycin which was the first effective pharmaceutical treatment for tuberculosis, cholera, and typhoid fever and neomycin used as a topical antibacterial agent
  • The development of the columbia dry cell battery the first sealed dry cell battery successfully manufactured for the mass market by the National Carbon Company (predecessor of Energizer) in 1896

2006

  • Neil Bartlett's demonstration of the first reaction of a noble gas by combining xenon with a platinum fluoride
  • Rumford baking powder, developed in the mid-19th century by the Harvard University Benjamin Thompson Professor Eben Horsford by adding calcium acid phosphate, made baking easier, quicker, and more reliable
  • The development of Tide®, the first heavy-duty synthetic laundry detergent, developed by Procter & Gamble chemists working at the Ivorydale Technical Center in 1946 by adding the "builder" sodium tripolyphosphate

2007

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "ACS_National_Historical_Chemical_Landmarks". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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