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Carbon dioxide (data page)



This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon dioxide.

Contents

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS for carbon dioxide is available from Fisher Scientific. MSDS for solid carbon dioxide is available from Pacific Dry Ice, inc.

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD  ?
Dielectric constant, εr 1.60 ε0 at 0 °C, 50 atm
Bond strength  ?
Bond length C–O 120 pm
Bond angle 180.0
Magnetic susceptibility  ?
Surface tension 4.34 dyn/cm at 20°C
and equilbrium pressure
Viscosity[1]of liquid
at equilibrium pressure 		0.0925 mPa·s at 5°C
0.0852 mPa·s at 10°C
0.0712 mPa·s at 20°C
0.0625 mPa·s at 25°C
0.0321 mPa·s at 31.1°C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point 216.58 K (-56.57 °C), 518.5 kPa
Critical point 304.18 K (31.03 °C), 7.38 MPa
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusHo 		8.647 kJ/mol at triple point[2]
Std entropy change
of fusion, ΔfusSo 		 ? J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization,[3] ΔvapHo 		15.326 kJ/mol at –57.5°C
Std entropy change
of vaporization, ΔvapSo 		70.8 J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHosolid 		 ? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sosolid 		 ? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp  ? J/(mol K)
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHoliquid 		 ? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Soliquid 		 ? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp  ? J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHogas 		−393.52 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sogas 		213.79 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity,[4] cp

33.89 J/(mol K) at –75°C
36.33 J/(mol K) at 0°C
36.61 J/(mol K) at 15°C
38.01 J/(mol K) at 100°C
43.81 J/(mol K) at 400°C
50.87 J/(mol K) at 1000°C
56.91 J/(mol K) at 2000°C
53.01 J/(mol K) at 38°C, 2457 kPa
60.01 J/(mol K) at 38°C, 5482 kPa
183.1 J/(mol K) at 38°C, 8653 kPa

Heat capacity ratio[4]
γ = cp/cv

1.37 at –75°C
1.310 at 0°C
1.304 at 15°C
1.281 at 100°C
1.235 at 400°C
1.195 at 1000°C
1.171 at 2000°C

van der Waals' constants[5] a = 363.96 L2 kPa/mol2
b = 0.04267 liter per mole
Equilibrium with carbon monoxide[6]

CO + ½O2 → CO2

K = \scriptstyle \frac {[\mathrm {CO_2}]} {[\mathrm {CO}][\mathrm {O_2}]^{\frac {1} {2}}}

pK = log10 K

pK = 45.0438 at T = 298.16 K
pK = 25.0054 at T = 500 K
pK = 16.5383 at T = 700 K
pK = 11.8409 at T = 900 K
pK = 8.8583 at T = 1100 K
pK = 6.7989 at T = 1300 K
pK = 5.2943 at T = 1500 K

Solubility in water at various temperatures

Aqueous Solubility of CO2 at 101.3 kPa (1 atm) partial pressure[7]
Temperature ‡Dissolved
CO2 volume
per volume H2O 		grams CO2 per
100 ml H2O
0 °C 1.713 0.3346
1 °C 1.646 0.3213
2 °C 1.527 0.3091
3 °C 1.527 0.2978
4 °C 1.473 0.2871
5 °C 1.424 0.2774
6 °C 1.377 0.2681
7 °C 1.331 0.2589
8 °C 1.282 0.2492
9 °C 1.237 0.2403
10 °C 1.194 0.2318
11 °C 1.154 0.2239
12 °C 1.117 0.2165
13 °C 1.083 0.2098
14 °C 1.050 0.2032
15 °C 1.019 0.1970
16 °C 0.985 0.1903
17 °C 0.956 0.1845
   
Temperature ‡Dissolved
CO2 volume
per volume H2O 		grams CO2 per
100 ml H2O
18 °C 0.928 0.1789
19 °C 0.902 0.1737
20 °C 0.878 0.1688
21 °C 0.854 0.1640
22 °C 0.829 0.1590
23 °C 0.804 0.1540
24 °C 0.781 0.1493
25 °C 0.759 0.1449
26 °C 0.738 0.1406
27 °C 0.718 0.1366
28 °C 0.699 0.1327
29 °C 0.682 0.1292
30 °C 0.655 0.1257
35 °C 0.592 0.1105
40 °C 0.530 0.0973
45 °C 0.479 0.0860
50 °C 0.436 0.0761
60 °C 0.359 0.0576
  • ‡Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO2 as it would be measured at 101.3 kPa and 0 °C per volume of water.
  • The solubility is given for "pure water", i.e., water which contain only CO2. This water is going to be acidic. For example, at 25 °C the pH of 3.9 is expected (see carbonic acid). At less acidic pH values, the solubility will increase because of the pH-dependent speciation of CO2.

Vapor pressure of solid and liquid

P in mm Hg 1 10 40 100 400 760 1520 3800 7600 15200 30400 45600
P in atm (2sf, derived from mm Hg) 0.0013 0.013 0.053 0.13 0.53 1.0 2.0 5.0 10 20 40 60
P in kPa (derived from mm Hg / atm) 0.13 1.3 5.3 13 53 101.325 202.65 506.625 1013.25 2026.5 4053 6079.5
T in °C –134.3(s) –119.5(s) –108.6(s) –100.2(s) –85.7(s) –78.2(s) –69.1(s) –56.7 –39.5 –18.9 5.9 22.4

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. Annotation "(s)" indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid. For kPa values, where datum is whole numbers of atmospheres exact kPa values are given, elsewhere 2 significant figures derived from mm Hg data.
 

Liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data

The table below gives thermodynamic data of liquid CO2 in equilibrium with its vapor at various temperatures. Heat content data, heat of vaporization, and entropy values are relative to the liquid state at 0°C temperature and 3483 kPa pressure. To convert heat values to joules per mole values, multiply by 44.095 grams/mole. To convert densities to moles/liter, multiply by 22.678 cm3-mole/liter-gram. Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. pages 2560-2561, except for critical temperature line (31.1°C) and temperatures –30°C and below, which are taken from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. page 1463.

Carbon dioxide liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data
Temp.
°C 		Pvap
Vapor
pressure
kPa 		Hliq
Heat
content
liquid
J/g 		Hvap
Heat
content
vapor
J/g 		ΔvapHo
Heat of
vapor-
ization
J/g 		ρvap
Density
of vapor
g/cm3 		ρliq
Density
of liquid
g/cm3 		Sliq
Entropy
liquid
J/mol-°C 		Svap
Entropy
vapor
J/mol-°C
–56.6 518.3 1.179
–56.0 531.8 1.177
–54.0 579.1 1.169
–52.0 629.6 1.162
–50.0 683.4 1.155
–48.0 740.6 1.147
–46.0 801.3 1.139
–44.0 865.6 1.131
–42.0 933.8 1.124
–40.0 1005.7 1.116
–38.0 1081.6 1.108
–36.0 1161.8 1.100
–34.0 1246.2 1.092
–32.0 1335.1 1.084
-30.0 1428.6 1.075
–28.89 1521 –55.69 237.1 292.9 0.03846 1.0306 –9.48 43.41
–27.78 1575 –53.76 237.3 291.0 0.03987 1.0276 –9.13 43.21
–26.67 1630 –51.84 237.6 289.4 0.04133 1.0242 –8.78 43.01
–25.56 1686 –49.87 237.6 287.5 0.04283 1.0209 –8.45 42.78
–24.44 1744 –47.91 237.8 285.7 0.04440 1.0170 –8.10 42.56
–23.33 1804 –45.94 237.8 283.6 0.04600 1.0132 –7.75 42.36
–22.22 1866 –43.93 237.8 281.7 0.04767 1.0093 –7.40 42.14
–21.11 1928 –41.92 237.8 279.6 0.04938 1.0053 –7.05 42.94
–20.00 1993 –39.91 237.8 277.8 0.05116 1.0011 –6.68 41.71
–18.89 2059 –37.86 237.8 275.7 0.05300 0.9968 –6.31 41.49
–17.78 2114 –35.82 237.6 273.6 0.05489 0.9923 –5.98 41.27
–16.67 2197 –33.73 237.6 271.2 0.05686 0.9875 –5.61 41.05
–15.56 2269 –31.64 237.3 269.2 0.05888 0.9829 –5.26 40.83
–14.44 2343 –29.54 237.3 266.9 0.06098 0.9782 –4.91 40.61
–13.33 2418 –27.41 237.1 264.5 0.06314 0.9734 –4.54 40.39
–12.22 2495 –25.27 236.9 262.2 0.06539 0.9665 –4.17 40.15
–11.11 2574 –23.09 236.7 259.7 0.06771 0.9639 –3.80 39.92
–10.00 2654 –20.90 236.4 257.3 0.07011 0.9592 –3.43 39.68
–8.89 2738 –18.69 235.9 254.8 0.07259 0.9543 –3.06 39.46
–7.78 2823 –16.45 235.7 252.2 0.07516 0.9494 –2.69 39.22
–6.67 2910 –14.18 235.2 249.4 0.07783 0.9443 –2.32 38.98
–5.56 2999 –11.90 234.8 246.6 0.08059 0.9393 –1.94 38.74
–4.44 3090 –9.977 234.3 243.8 0.08347 0.9340 –1.57 38.50
–3.89 3136 –8.410 234.1 242.4 0.08494 0.9313 –1.37 38.37
–2.78 3230 –6.046 233.6 239.7 0.08797 0.9260 –0.98 38.12
–1.67 3327 –3.648 232.9 236.6 0.09111 0.9206 –0.59 37.88
–0.56 3425 –1.222 232.4 233.6 0.09438 0.9150 –0.20 37.62
0.56 3526 1.234 231.7 230.5 0.09776 0.9094 0.20 37.36
1.67 3629 3.728 231.0 227.3 0.1013 0.9036 0.61 37.08
2.78 3735 6.268 230.4 224.0 0.1050 0.8975 1.01 36.83
3.89 3981 8.445 229.4 220.5 0.1088 0.8914 1.42 36.55
5.00 3953 11.46 228.5 217.0 0.1128 0.8850 1.83 36.25
6.11 4067 14.13 227.6 213.4 0.1169 0.8784 2.25 35.98
7.22 4182 16.85 226.5 209.7 0.1213 0.8716 2.69 35.68
8.33 4300 19.63 225.4 205.8 0.1258 0.8645 3.12 35.39
9.44 4420 22.46 224.3 201.8 0.1306 0.8571 3.56 35.07
10.56 4544 25.36 223.1 197.7 0.1355 0.8496 4.02 34.76
11.67 4670 28.33 221.8 193.4 0.1408 0.8418 4.48 34.45
12.78 4798 31.35 220.3 188.9 0.1463 0.8338 4.94 34.11
13.89 4929 34.49 218.8 184.3 0.1521 0.8254 5.42 33.76
15.00 5063 37.30 217.2 179.5 0.1583 0.8168 5.92 33.41
16.11 5200 41.03 215.1 174.4 0.1648 0.8076 6.42 33.02
17.22 5340 44.48 213.6 169.1 0.1717 0.7977 6.96 32.66
18.33 5482 48.03 211.5 163.5 0.1791 0.7871 7.49 32.25
19.44 5628 51.71 209.4 157.6 0.1869 0.7759 8.04 31.83
20.56 5776 55.61 207.0 151.4 0.1956 0.7639 8.63 31.38
21.67 5928 59.66 204.3 144.7 0.2054 0.7508 9.24 30.90
22.78 6083 63.97 201.5 137.5 0.2151 0.7367 9.89 30.39
23.89 6240 68.58 198.4 129.8 0.2263 0.7216 10.57 29.85
25.00 6401 73.51 194.8 121.3 0.2387 0.7058 11.31 29.24
26.11 6565 78.91 190.7 111.8 0.2532 0.6894 12.10 28.60
27.22 6733 84.94 186.0 101.1 0.2707 0.6720 12.99 27.84
28.33 6902 91.88 180.4 88.49 0.2923 0.6507 14.00 26.95
29.44 7081 100.4 173.1 72.72 0.3204 0.6209 15.24 25.85
30.00 7164 105.6 168.4 62.76 0.3378 0.5992 16.01 25.15
30.56 7253 112.3 162.3 50.04 0.3581 0.5661 16.99 24.24
31.1 7391 0.00 0.4641 0.4641
Temp.
°C 		Pvap
Vapor
pressure
kPa 		Hliq
Heat
content
liquid
J/g 		Hvap
Heat
content
vapor
J/g 		ΔvapHo
Heat of
vapor-
ization
J/g 		ρvap
Density
of vapor
g/cm3 		ρliq
Density
of liquid
g/cm3 		Sliq
Entropy
liquid
J/mol-°C 		Svap
Entropy
vapor
J/mol-°C

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λmax  ? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε  ?
IR
Major absorption bands 2350 and 667 cm−1
NMR
Proton NMR  
Carbon-13 NMR  
Other NMR data  
MS
Masses of
main fragments 		 

References

  1. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp 1669-1674
  2. ^ Gas Encyclopaedia. Air Liquide. Retrieved on 1 June 2007.
  3. ^ a b Pure Component Properties (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved on 8 May 2007.
  4. ^ a b Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed, pp 1525-1528
  5. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed, pp 1522-1524
  6. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp 1573-1576
  7. ^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed., p 1100
  • NIST Chemistry WebBook

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

Disclaimer applies.

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Carbon_dioxide_(data_page)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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