Molecular spring

    Molecular spring is device or part of biological system based on molecular mechanics and connected with molecular vibration.

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Any molecule can be deformed in several ways - A-A bond length, A-A-A angle, A-A-A-A torsion angle. Deformed molecule store energy, which can be released and cause mechanical work as the molecule return into its optimal geometrical conformation.

The term molecular string is usually used in nano-science and molecular biology, however theoretically also macroscopic molecular springs can be considered, if it is manufactured. Such a device composed for example of arranged ultra-high molecular mass polymer fibres (Helicene, Polyacetylene) could store extraordinary (0.1-10MJ/kg in comparison to 0.0003MJ/kg of clockwork spring) amount of energy which can be stored and released almost instantly, with high energy efficiency. The amount of energy storable in molecular spring is limited by the value of deformation the molecule can withstand until it undergoes chemical change. Manufacturing of such macroscopic device is however out of reach of contemporary technology, because of difficulties of synthesis and molecular arrangement of such long polymer molecules. In addition, the force needed to draw molecular string to its maximum length could be impractically high - comparable to the tensile strength of particular polymer molecule (~100GPa for some carbon compounds)

See also

• Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene
• Carbon nanotube

References

• Stretching molecular springs:elasticity of titin filaments in vertebrate striated muscle, W.A. Linke, Institute of Physiology II, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany