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Mycolactone



Mycolactone
IUPAC name [(6S,7S,9E,12R)-12-[(E,2S,6R,7R,9R)-7,9-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyldec-4-en-2-yl]-7,9-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxacyclododec-9-en-6-yl] (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12S,13S,15S)-12,13,15-trihydroxy-4,6,10-trimethylhexadeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenoate
Identifiers
CAS number 222050-77-3
PubChem 5282079
MeSH Mycolactone
Properties
Molecular formula C44H70O9
Molar mass 743.021
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Infobox disclaimer and references

Mycolactone is a polyketide-derived macrolide produced and secreted by the pathogenic mycobacteria M. ulcerans, M. liflandii, M. pseudoshottsii, and a few M. marinum isolates.

The M. ulcerans toxins comprise a family of polyketide-derived macrolides, mycolactones, which are formed through condensation of two polyketide chains. Each isolate of M. ulcerans produces a characteristic mixture of mycolactone congeners. M. ulcerans strains from different geographic areas produce distinct patterns of mycolactone congeners. The structural heterogeneity in mycolactones is due to variations in the fatty acid side chain. The structure of the core lactone is invariant.[1]

Genes for mycolactone biosynthesis form a contiguous 110-kb cluster (Fig. 1A) on a large plasmid. The lactone core is encoded by two polyketide synthase (Pks) genes, mlsA1 and mlsA2, and a third polyketide synthase gene, mlsB, encodes the fatty acid side chain. Three accessory genes are found in the mycolactone cluster. One of these, MUP053, encodes a p450 monooxygenase that is thought to produce the hydroxyl at C′-12 on the fatty acid side chain. The gene encoding a FabH-like, type III ketosynthase (KS), located upstream of mlsA1, encodes a putative “joinase” (MUP045), and a small type II thioesterase (TE II) gene (MUP037) is located between mlsA2 and mlsB.[1]

Five categories have been described so far:

  • Mycolactone A/B (M. ulcerans from Africa, Malaysia, ...)
  • Mycolactone C (8 Australian M. ulcerans isolates)
  • Mycolactone D (M. ulcerans from Asia)
  • Mycolactone E (M. liflandii)[1]
  • Mycolactone F (M. pseudoshottsii and M. marinum from Israël)[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c Mve-Obiang A; Lee RE; Umstot ES; Trott KA; Grammer TC; Parker JM; Ranger BS; Grainger R; Mahrous EA; Small PLC (2005). "A newly discovered mycobacterial pathogen isolated from laboratory colonies of Xenopus species with lethal infections produces a novel form of mycolactone, the Mycobacterium ulcerans macrolide toxin.". Infect. Immun. 73 (6): 3307–3312.
  2. ^ Ranger BS; Mahrous EA; Mosi L; Adusumilli S; Lee RE; Colorni A; Rhodes M; Small PLC (2006). "Globally distributed mycobacterial fish pathogens produce a novel plasmid-encoded toxic macrolide, mycolactone F.". Infect. Immun..
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mycolactone". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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