Rhodopsin-like receptors
Identifiers
Symbol
7tm_1
Pfam
PF00001
InterPro
IPR000276
SCOP
1f88
OPM family
6
OPM protein
1gzm
Available PDB structures:
1U19 2R4R 2R4S 2RH1 1f88, 1hzx, 1l9h, 2g87, 2hpy, 2i35, 2i36, 2i37, 2j4y, 2ped
Rhodopsin-like receptors are the largest group of G-protein coupled receptors .
G-protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs, constitute a vast protein family that encompasses a wide range of functions (including various autocrine, paracrine and endocrine processes). They show considerable diversity at the sequence level, on the basis of which they can be separated into distinct groups. GPCRs are usually described as "superfamily" because they embrace a group of families for which there are indications of evolutionary relationship, but between which there is no statistically significant similarity in sequence.[1]
The rhodopsin-like GPCRs themselves represent a widespread protein family that includes hormone, neurotransmitter and light receptors, all of which transduce extracellular signals through interaction with guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins. Although their activating ligands vary widely in structure and character, the amino acid sequences of the receptors are very similar and are believed to adopt a common structural framework comprising 7 transmembrane (TM) helices.[2] [3] [4]
Rhodopsin-like GPCRs have been classified into the following 19 subgroups (A1-A19) based on a phylogenetic analysis.[5]
Additional recommended knowledge
Subfamily A1
Chemokine receptor IPR000355
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (CCR1 , CKR1)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2 , CKR2)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (CCR3 , CKR3)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4 (CCR4 , CKR4)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5 , CKR5)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8 (CCR8 , CKR8)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 2 (CCRL2 , CKRX)
chemokine (C motif) receptor 1 (XCR1 , CXC1) IPR005393
chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1 , C3X1) IPR005387
GPR137B (GPR137B , TM7SF1)
Subfamily A2
Chemokine receptor IPR000355
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 1 (CCRL1 CCRL1 , CCR11)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6 (CCR6 , CKR6)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7 , CKR7)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 (CCR9 , CKR9)
Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 10 (CCR10 , CKRA)
CXC chemokine receptors IPR001053
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6 (CXCR6 , BONZO)
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7 (CXCR7 , RDC1) IPR001416
Interleukin-8 IPR000174 (IL8R)
IL8R-α (IL8RA , CXCR1)
IL8R-β (IL8RB , CXCR2)
Adrenomedullin receptor (GPR182 )
Duffy blood group, chemokine receptor (DARC , DUFF)
G Protein-coupled Receptor 30 (GPER , CML2, GPCR estrogen receptor)
Subfamily A3
Angiotensin II receptor IPR000248
Angiotensin II receptor, type 1 (AGTR1 , AG2S)
Angiotensin II receptor, type 2 (AGTR2 , AG22)
Apelin receptor (AGTRL1 , APJ) IPR003904
Bradykinin receptor IPR000496
Bradykinin receptor B1 (BDKRB1 , BRB1)
Bradykinin receptor B2 (BDKRB2 , BRB2)
GPR15 (GPR15 , GPRF)
GPR25 (GPR25 )
Subfamily A4
Opioid receptor IPR001418
Somatostatin receptor IPR000586
Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1 , SSR1)
Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2 , SSR2)
Somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3 , SSR3)
Somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4 , SSR4)
Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5 , SSR5)
GPCR neuropeptide receptor IPR009150
Neuropeptides B/W receptor 1 (NPBWR1 , GPR7)
Neuropeptides B/W receptor 2 (NPBWR2 , GPR8)
GPR1 orphan receptor (GPR1 ) IPR002275
DEZ orphan receptor IPR002258
Subfamily A5
Galanin receptor IPR000405
Galanin receptor 1 (GALR1 , GALR)
Galanin receptor 2 (GALR2 , GALS)
Galanin receptor 3 (GALR3 , GALT)
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor IPR004071
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1 )
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CYSLTR2 )
Leukotriene B4 receptor IPR003981
Leukotriene B4 receptor (LTB4R , P2Y7)
Leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (LTB4R2 )
Relaxin receptor IPR008112
Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1 , LGR7)
Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2 , GPR106)
Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3 , SALPR)
Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4 , GPR100/GPR142)
KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (GPR54) (KISS1R ) IPR008103
Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1 , GPRO) IPR008361
Urotensin-II receptor (UTS2R , UR2R) IPR000670
Subfamily A6
GPR40-related receptor IPR013312
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1 , GPR40)
Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2 , GPR43)
Free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3 , GPR41)
GPR42 (GPR42 , FFAR1L)
P2 purinoceptor IPR002286
Purinergic receptor P2Y1 (P2RY1 )
Purinergic receptor P2Y2 (P2RY2 )
Purinergic receptor P2Y4 (P2RY4 )
Purinergic receptor P2Y6 (P2RY6 )
Purinergic receptor P2Y11 (P2RY11 )
GPR31 (GPR31 , GPRV)
GPR81 (GPR81 )
GPR82 (GPR82 )
GPR109B (GPR109B , HM74)
Oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) receptor 1 (OXGR1 , GPR80)
Succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1 , GPR91)
Subfamily A7
P2 purinoceptor IPR002286
Purinergic receptor P2Y5 (P2RY5 , P2Y5) IPR002188
Purinergic receptor P2Y10 (P2RY10 , P2Y10)
Protease-activated receptor IPR003912
Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1 (F2RL1 , PAR2)
Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 2 (F2RL2 , PAR3)
Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 2 (lymphocyte-specific G protein-coupled receptor) (EBI2 )
GPR4 (GPR4 ) IPR002276
GPR17 (GPR17 , GPRH)
GPR18 (GPR18 , GPRI)
GPR20 (GPR20 , GPRK)
GPR23 (GPR23 , P2RY9, P2Y9)
GPR35 (GPR35 )
GPR55 (GPR55 )
GPR65 (GPR65 ) IPR005464
GPR68 (GPR68 ) IPR005389
GPR92 (GPR92 )
GPR132 (132 , G2A) IPR005388
Coagulation factor II receptor (F2R , THRR)
Subfamily A8
P2 purinoceptor IPR002286
Purinergic receptor P2Y12 (P2RY12 )
Purinergic receptor P2Y13 (P2RY13 , GPR86) IPR008109
Purinergic receptor P2Y14 (P2RY14 , UDP-glucose receptor, KI01) IPR005466
GPR34 (GPR34 )
GPR87 (GPR87 )
GPR171 (GPR171 , H963)
Platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR , PAFR) IPR002282
Subfamily A9
Cannabinoid receptor IPR002230
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) (CNR1 , CB1R)
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage) (CNR2 , CB2R)
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor IPR004065
Endothelial differentiation gene 2 (EDG2 )
Endothelial differentiation gene 4 (EDG4 )
Endothelial differentiation gene 7 (EDG7 )
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor IPR004061
Endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG1 )
Endothelial differentiation gene 3 (EDG3 )
Endothelial differentiation gene 5 (EDG5 )
Endothelial differentiation gene 6 (EDG6 )
Endothelial differentiation gene 8 (EDG8 )
Melanocortin/ACTH receptor IPR001671
Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R , MSHR)
Melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R )
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R )
Melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R )
ACTH receptor (MC2R ), ACTR)
GPR3 (GPR3 )
GPR6 (GPR6 )
GPR12 (GPR12 , GPRC)
Subfamily A10
Opsins IPR001760 [6] Rhodopsin (RHO , OPSD)
Opsin 1 (cone pigments), short-wave-sensitive (color blindness, tritan) (OPN1SW , OPSB) (blue-sensitive opsin)
Opsin 1 (cone pigments), medium-wave-sensitive (color blindness, deutan) (OPN1MW , OPSG) (green-sensitive opsin)
Opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan) (OPN1LW , OPSR) (red-sensitive opsin)
Retinal G protein coupled receptor (RGR )
Retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homolog (RRH , OPSX) (visual pigment-like receptor opsin) IPR001793
Subfamily A11
Eicosanoid receptor IPR008365
Prostaglandin D2 receptor (PTGDR , PD2R)
Prostaglandin E1 receptor (PTGER1 , PE21)
Prostaglandin E2 receptor (PTGER2 , PE22)
Prostaglandin E3 receptor (PTGER3 , PE23)
Prostaglandin E4 receptor (PTGER4 , PE24)
Prostaglandin F receptor (PTGFR , PF2R)
Prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) receptor (PTGIR , PI2R)
Thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R , TA2R)
Subfamily A12
Cholecystokinin receptor IPR009126
Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR , CCKR)
Cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR , GASR)
Neuropeptide FF receptor IPR005395
Neuropeptide FF receptor 1 (NPFFR1 , FF1R)
Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2 , FF2R)
Orexin receptor IPR000204
Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 1 (HCRTR1 , OX1R)
Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 (HCRTR2 , OX2R)
Vasopressin receptor IPR001817
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR , GRHR) IPR001658
GPR22 (GPR22 , GPRM)
GPR103 (GPR103 )
GPR176 (GPR176 , GPR)
Subfamily A13
Melatonin receptor IPR000025
Melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A , ML1A)
Melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B , ML1B)
Neurokinin receptor IPR001681
Tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1 , NK1R)
Tachykinin receptor 2 (TACR2 , NK2R)
Tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3 , NK3R)
Neuropeptide Y receptor IPR000611
Neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (NPY1R , NY1R)
Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (NPY2R , NY2R)
Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 (PPYR1 , NY4R)
Neuropeptide Y receptor Y5 (NPY5R , NY5R)
Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PRLHR, GPRA) IPR001402
Prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1 , GPR73)
GPR19 (GPR19 , GPRJ)
GPR50 (GPR50 , ML1X)
GPR75 (GPR75 )
GPR83 (GPR83 , GPR72)
Subfamily A14
Bombesin receptor IPR001556
Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS3 )
Neuromedin B receptor (NMBR )
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR )
Endothelin receptor IPR000499
Endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA , ET1R)
Endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB , ETBR)
GPR37 (GPR37 , ETBR-LP2) IPR003909
Neuromedin U receptor IPR005390
Neuromedin U receptor 1 (NMUR1 )
Neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMU2R )
Neurotensin receptor IPR003984
Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1 , NTR1)
Neurotensin receptor 2 (NTSR2 , NTR2)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR , TRFR) IPR009144
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR ) IPR003905
GPR39 (GPR39 )
Motilin receptor (MLNR , GPR38)
Subfamily A15
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor IPR002231
5-HT2A (HTR2A , 5H2A)
5-HT2B (HTR2B , 5H2B)
5-HT2C (HTR2C , 5H2C)
5-HT6 (HTR6 , 5H6) IPR002232
Adrenergic receptor IPR002233
Alpha1A (ADRA1A , A1AA)
Alpha1B (ADRA1B , A1AB)
Alpha1D (ADRA1D , A1AD)
Alpha2A (ADRA2A , A2AA)
Alpha2B (ADRA2B , A2AB)
Alpha2C (ADRA2C , A2AC)
Beta1 (ADRB1 , B1AR)
Beta2 (ADRB2 , B2AR)
Beta3 (ADRB3 , B3AR)
Dopamine receptor IPR000929
D1 (DRD1 , DADR)
D2 (DRD2 , D2DR)
D3 (DRD3 , D3DR)
D4 (DRD4 , D4DR)
D5 (DRD5 , DBDR)
Octopamine receptor IPR002002
Trace amine receptor IPR009132
TAAR2 (TAAR2 , GPR58)
TAAR3 (TAAR3 , GPR57)
TAAR5 (TAAR5 , PNR)
TAAR8 (TAAR8 , GPR102)
Histamine H2 receptor (HRH2 , HH2R) IPR000503
Subfamily A16
Histamine H1 receptor (HRH1 , HH1R) IPR000921
Histamine H3 receptor (HRH3 ) IPR003980
Histamine H4 receptor (HRH4 ) IPR008102
Adenosine receptor IPR001634
A1 (ADORA1 , AA1R)
A2a (ADORA2A , AA2A)
A2b (ADORA2B , AA2B)
A3 (ADORA3 , AA3R)
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor IPR000995
M1 (CHRM1 , ACM1)
M2 (CHRM2 , ACM2)
M3 (CHRM3 , ACM3)
M4 (CHRM4 , ACM4)
M5 (CHRM5 , ACM5)
GPR21 (GPR21 , GPRL)
GPR27 (GPR27 )
GPR45 (GPR45 , PSP24)
GPR52 (GPR52 )
GPR61 (GPR61 )
GPR62 (GPR62 )
GPR63 (GPR63 )
GPR78 (GPR78 )
GPR84 (GPR84 )
GPR85 (GPR85 )
GPR88 (GPR88 )
GPR101 (GPR101 )
GPR161 (GPR161 , RE2)
GPR173 (GPR173 , SREB3)
Subfamily A17
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor IPR002231
5-HT1A (HTR1A , 5H1A)
5-HT1B (HTR1B , 5H1B)
5-HT1D (HTR1D , 5H1D)
5-HT1E (HTR1E , 5H1E)
5-HT1F (HTR1F , 5H1F)
5-HT4 (HTR4 ) IPR001520
5-HT5A (HTR5A , 5H5A)
5-HT7 (HTR7 , 5H7) IPR001069
Subfamily A18
Anaphylatoxin receptors IPR002234
C3a receptor (C3AR1 , C3AR)
C5a receptor (C5AR1 , C5AR)
Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1 , CML1)
Formyl peptide receptor IPR000826
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1 , FMLR)
Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1 , FML2)
Formyl peptide receptor-like 2 (FPRL2 , FML1)
MAS1 oncogene IPR000820
MAS1 (MAS1 , MAS)
MAS1L (MAS1L , MRG)
GPR1 (GPR1 )
GPR32 (GPR32 , GPRW)
GPR44 (GPR44 )
GPR77 (GPR77 , C5L2)
Subfamily A19
Glycoprotein hormone receptor IPR002131
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4 , GPR48)
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR5 , GPR49)
Unclassified
References
^ Attwood TK, Findlay JB (1994). "Fingerprinting G-protein-coupled receptors". Protein Eng. 7 (2): 195-203. PMID 8170923. ^ Birnbaumer L (1990). "G proteins in signal transduction". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 30 : 675-705. PMID 2111655. ^ Gilman AG, Casey PJ (1988). "G protein involvement in receptor-effector coupling". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (6): 2577-2580. PMID 2830256. ^ Attwood TK, Findlay JB (1993). "Design of a discriminating fingerprint for G-protein-coupled receptors". Protein Eng. 6 (2): 167-176. PMID 8386361. ^ Joost P, Methner A (2002). "Phylogenetic analysis of 277 human G-protein-coupled receptors as a tool for the prediction of orphan receptor ligands". Genome Biol 3 (11): research0063.1-0063.16. doi:10.1186/gb-2002-3-11-research0063. PMID 12429062. ^ Terakita A (2005). "The opsins". Genome Biol. 6 (3): 213. doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-3-213. PMID 15774036. ^ Horn F, Bettler E, Oliveira L, Campagne F, Cohen FE, Vriend G (2003). "GPCRDB information system for G protein-coupled receptors". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (1): 294–7. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg103. PMID 12520006.
Transmembrane receptor : G protein-coupled receptors Class A : Rhodopsin likeAcetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) - Adrenergic (α1 (A, B, D), α2 (A, B, C), β1, β2, β3) - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) - Angiotensin (1, 2) - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) - Bradykinin (B1, B2) - Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2) - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin (A, B) - Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) - Eicosanoid (CysLT (1, 2), LTB4 (1, 2), FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin ((DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane) - EBI2 - Endothelin (A, B) - Estrogen - Formyl peptide (1, L1, L2) - Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) - FSH - Galanin (1, 2, 3) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 182) - Ghrelin - Histamine (H1, H2, H3 , H4) - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) - MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) - Melanocortin (1 , 2, 3, 4, 5) - MCHR (1, 2) - Melatonin (1A, 1B)- Motilin - neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) - Neuropeptide (B/W (1, 2), FF (1, 2), S, Y (1, 2, 4, 5)) - Neurotensin (1, 2) - Opioid (Delta , Kappa , Mu , Nociceptin , but not Sigma ) - Olfactory - Opsin (3, 4 , 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) - Orexin (1, 2) - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin (1, 2) - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) - Purinergics (Adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, A3), P2Y, (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 , 13, 14)) - Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) - Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - Serotonin, all but 5-HT3 (5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F), 5-HT2 (A , B, C), 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)) - SREB - Succinate - TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) - Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin (1A, 1B , 2)Class B : Secretin likeBrain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1, 2, 3) - Cadherin (1, 2, 3) - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - EMR (1, 2, 3) - Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157) - Latrophilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) - Parathyroid hormone (1, 2) - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1, 2) Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B (1, 2) - Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) - GPRC6A - GPR (156, 158, 179) - RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4) - Taste receptors (TAS1R (1, 2, 3) TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)) Frizzled / Smoothened Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) - Smoothened
