Catalyst upgrades carbon dioxide to fuels

Liquid multi-carbon alcohols such as ethanol and n-propanol are desired as renewable transportation fuels. They offer high energy densities, ease of long-range transport, and direct drop-in usage in existing internal combustion engines. Engineering catalysts that favor high-value alcohols is desired.

A research team led by professor Yu Shuhong from University of Science and Technology of China of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Edward H. Sargent from the University of Toronto has uncovered a catalysis strategy intermediates during CO₂ electrochemical reduction reaction, which sheds new lights on upgrading CO₂ to engine fuels.

When it comes to designing catalysts for CO₂ conversion, many types of research on the C-C coupling step have been done; while little attention has been paid to post-C-C coupling reaction.

By deliberately incorporating sulfur atoms into the catalyst core and copper vacancies in its shell, researchers realized Cu₂S-Cu-V core-shell nanoparticles that enhance CO₂ reduction to ethanol and propanol. Structural characterization, x-ray studies, and electrochemical measurements were utilized to illustrate how good this new catalyst is in improving catalytic performance.

This discovery will inspire the design of efficient catalysts that produce higher-carbon liquid alcohols. In addition to addressing the need for long-term storage of renewable electricity and decarbonization of the transportation sector via electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to chemical feedstocks.