Exciting advances in
biotechnology are driving the increasing acceptance of biotech products
in several industries, especially pharmaceuticals,
agriculture, and chemicals. Bioprocesses
sometimes eliminate conventional steps in
chemical synthesis while enabling cost-effective
manufacturing.
"The pace of
bioprocess adoption in different industries will depend on the economic viability
of the process and the influence of regulations," says Technical Insights Analyst Miriam
Nagel. "Additionally, the difficulties associated with biotech adoption are likely to vary
and concerns of one industry may not be significant for another industry."
For instance, intensity and high cost of R&D is expected to weigh down the development
of biopharmaceutical drugs, whereas political uncertainties and public
pressure for safe
and sustainable development are critical factors in the chemicals industry.
Agriculture will be another key sector confronting two primary challenges -- public apprehension
over genetic engineering processes and the subsequent enactment of complex regulations.
These factors are likely to slow down the adoption of bioprocesses.
However, if the launch of blockbuster biopharmaceutical drugs for hepatitis, cancer, diabetes,
and
hemophilia, and the subsequent revenue surge for pharmaceutical companies in 2003,
is any indication, more industries are likely to step up the deployment of bioprocesses.
"The elimination of several conventional steps used to synthesize
vitamins and
antibiotics
has significantly reduced production cost and adverse impact on the environment, and this,
in turn, is encouraging the acceptance of bioprocesses," says Nagel.
The gradual increase in adoption rate is distinctly evident from the development of
biopolymers
- particularly biodegradable plastics - derived entirely from renewable resources, and
introduction of applications such as biodegradable cutlery and disposable compact discs.
The European Union's approval of biological fungicide for use on
food crops and the green
signal given by the United States for development of novel gene delivery technology that
could be used in agriculture and
medicine are also providing additional impetus for biotech
adoption. One of the first applications is likely to be engineered soybean varieties that
are capable of superior disease resistance and reduction of saturated fat content.
"Innovation is the key for biotechnology advances in healthcare, agriculture, industrial
production, and environmental management," says Nagel. "Keeping this in mind, biotech companies
are reinvesting more than 50 percent of revenues in R&D."
These sustained efforts are paying off as more than 155 biotechnology drugs and
vaccines
have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States
alone. Remarkably, 75 percent of the approvals have come in the last six years.
"The mere fact that almost 99 percent of uncultured microbial species in the environment
have not been catalogued is a signpost for the endless opportunities for application of
biotechnology in different industries," opines Nagel. "Industrial biotechnology has the
potential to be the 'third wave' following pharmaceutical and agricultural biotechnology,"
concludes Nagel.