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Kanamycin



Kanamycin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-(aminomethyl)- 6-[4,6-diamino-3- [4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydropyran-

2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-cyclohexoxy]- tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol

Identifiers
CAS number 8063-07-8
ATC code A07AA08 J01GB04 S01AA24
PubChem 6032
DrugBank APRD00026
Chemical data
Formula C18H36N4O11 
Mol. mass 484.499
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability very low after oral delivery
Metabolism  ?
Half life 2 hours 30 minutes
Excretion  ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

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Legal status

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Routes Oral, intravenous, intramuscular

Kanamycin sulfate ® is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, available in both oral and intravenous forms, and used to treat a wide variety of infections. Kanamycin is isolated from Streptomyces kanamyceticus.[citation needed]

Pharmacology

Kanamycin works by affecting the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing a frameshift mutation or it prevents the translation of RNA. This means that instead of a codon CAT (for example in sequence CATG), a codon ATG is read by aminoacyl tRNA (aa-tRNA). Aminoacyl tRNA is consequently carrying a different amino acid, because the anticodon on the aa-tRNA is different. The protein needed cannot be synthesized: depending on the site and severity of the frame shift, either a completely different protein is synthesized, or a protein similar to the one needed is synthesized, but is folded incorrectly. A bacterium is destroyed because it cannot produce any of its proteins correctly.[citation needed]

Because of over-usage of antibiotics many bacteria have developed a resistance against kanamycin, and, consequently, it is not used much anymore.[citation needed]

Side effects

Common side effects include changes in hearing (either hearing loss or ringing in the ears), toxicity to kidneys, and allergic reactions to the drug.[citation needed]

Use in Research

Genes encoding kanamycin resistance are commonly used as selectable markers in molecular biology.[citation needed]

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Kanamycin". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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